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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 FAQs
What is important in carbon and its compounds class 10?
The two properties of carbon that lead to the huge number of carbon compounds are Catenation and Tetravalency. The self-linking property is called catenation. As Carbon is tetravalent it can readily unite with atoms like hydrogen, oxygen etc by sharing electrons.
What is the important reaction in carbon and its compounds?
When Carbon and its compounds burn in the presence of Oxygen (or air), they give CO2, heat and light. The process of burning carbon and its compounds in excess of oxygen for the release of heat and light (energy) is known as combustion.
Why are carbon compounds used as fuel for most applications Class 10?
Carbon compounds are used as fuel because they burn with a clean flame and no smoke is produced. Carbon compounds have higher calorific values, maximum ignition temperature and their combustion can be restrained. Hence, carbon and its compounds are a great source of fuel.
What are 3 reasons why carbon forms so many compounds?
1) Carbon atoms combine readily with oxygen. 2) Carbon atoms have very high electronegativity. 3) Carbon readily forms ionic bonds with other carbon atoms.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon and Its Compounds
Here we have provided NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon and Its Compounds for the ease of students so that they can prepare better for their exams.
Neha Tanna19 Aug, 2024
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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4:
The detailed explanation of ideas presented in the textbook is facilitated for students by NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 - Carbon and Its Compounds. All questions after each chapter and the questions printed inside a chapter are answered in NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science.
Our highly skilled subject matter specialists created these NCERT Solutions for Science, Class 10. Students can use the genuine NCERT Solutions produced as a reference to help them get ready for the CBSE Board test. Because it is written in straightforward terms, it is simple to understand.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Overview
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4, Carbon and Its Compounds, covers the versatile nature of carbon, its compounds, and their importance in everyday life. The chapter begins by explaining the unique bonding properties of carbon, including its tetravalency and catenation, allowing it to form a wide variety of organic compounds.
The concept of covalent bonding in carbon is introduced, explaining how carbon forms single, double, and triple bonds with other elements. NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 also covers hydrocarbons, which are compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen. These are further classified into saturated (alkanes) and unsaturated (alkenes and alkynes) hydrocarbons.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 PDF Download
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 emphasizes the significance of carbon compounds in chemical reactions, industrial applications, and their impact on daily life, forming a crucial foundation for understanding organic chemistry. Hence, we have provided NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon and Its Compounds pdf here -
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon and Its Compounds
Here we have provided NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 -
In-text questions set 1, page number
61
1. What would be the electron dot structure of carbon dioxide which has the formula CO
2
?
Solution:
2. What would be the electron dot structure of a molecule of Sulphur which is made up of eight atoms of Sulphur? (Hint – The eight atoms of Sulphur are joined together in the form of a ring).
Solution:
In-text questions set 2, page number
61
1. How many structural isomers can you draw for pentane?
Solution:
The structural isomers of pentane are as follows:
n-pentane
2-methylbutane
2, 2-dimethylpropane
2-methylbutane
2. What are the two properties of carbon which lead to the huge number of carbon compounds we see around us?
Solution:
The following are two characteristics of carbon that contribute to the enormous variety of carbon compounds that surround us:
Six valence electrons on carbon is actually a large number of valency electrons.
With carbon atoms and many other atoms, including oxygen, chlorine, nitrogen, sulphur, hydrogen, etc., covalent bonding is simple.
3. What will be the formula and electron dot structure of cyclopentane?
Solution:
The formula and electron dot structure of cyclopentane is as given below:
4. Draw the structures for the following compounds.
(i) Ethanoic acid
(ii) Bromopentane*
(iii) Butanone
(iv) Hexanal
Solution: i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
5. How would you name the following compounds?
CH
3
—CH
2
—Br
Solution:
Bromoethane
Methanal or Formaldehyde
1 – Hexyne
In-text questions set 3, page number
71
1. How is the conversion of ethanol to ethanoic acid an oxidation reaction?
Solution:
This is an oxidation reaction that turns ethanol into ethanoic acid by taking off the hydrogen atom and adding oxygen. To create ethanal, ethanol must first lose one of its H2 molecules. The process is an oxidation reaction because the loss of hydrogen is an oxidation. In a similar manner, ethanal is converted to ethanoic acid by adding an oxygen atom. The reaction is an oxidation reaction because the process of gaining oxygen is known as oxidation.
2. A mixture of oxygen and ethyne is burnt for welding. Can you tell why a mixture of ethyne and air is not used?
Solution:
Because heat production is crucial for welding metals, a mixture of oxygen and ethyne is burned during the welding process rather than ethyne and air. The temperature that is produced when oxygen and ethyne burn entirely is higher than that of air and ethyne. A blue flame that is extremely hot when oxygen and ethyne are combined produces a sooty flame, which indicates that certain particles are still unburned and results in less heat.
In-text questions set 4, page number
74
1. How would you distinguish experimentally between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid?
Solution:
In reaction with sodium carbonate, carboxylic acids produce carbon dioxide gas which turns lime water milky, whereas alcohols do not give this reaction. This experiment can be used to distinguish alcohol and carboxylic acid.
The reaction of the carboxylic acid with sodium carbonate:
2CH
3
COOH + Na
2
CO
3
→ 2CH
3
COONa + H
2
O + CO
2
2.
What are oxidising agents?
Solution:
Compounds that either add oxygen to a molecule or take hydrogen from it are known as oxidising agents. For instance, nitric acid, potassium nitrate, and halogens.
In-text questions set 5, page number
76
1. Would you be able to check if water is hard by using a detergent?
Solution:
It is not possible to determine the hardness of water by employing detergents, which are ammonium salts or sulphonates of long-chain carboxylic acids. They do not react with calcium and magnesium to determine the type of water, in contrast to soaps.
2. People use a variety of methods to wash clothes. Usually, after adding the soap, they ‘beat’ the clothes on a stone, or beat it with a paddle, scrub with a brush or the mixture is agitated in a washing machine. Why is agitation necessary to get clean clothes?
Solution:
In order to get clean garments, agitation is required since it helps the soap micelles capture oil, grease, and other contaminants that need to be eliminated. Particles from their surfaces are washed into the water when they are beaten or otherwise disturbed, cleaning the clothing in the process.
Exercise questions, page number
77-78
1. Ethane, with the molecular formula C
2
H
6,
has
(a) 6 covalent bonds
(b) 7 covalent bonds
(c) 8 covalent bonds
(d) 9 covalent bonds
Answer: (b) 7 covalent bonds
Solution:
Ethane, with the molecular formula C
2
H
6,
has 7 covalent bonds.
2. Butanone is a four-carbon compound with the functional group
(a) carboxylic acid
(b) aldehyde
(c) ketone
(d) alcohol
Answer: (c) ketone
3.
While cooking, if the bottom of the vessel is getting blackened on the outside, it means that
(a) the food is not cooked completely
(b) the fuel is not burning completely
(c) the fuel is wet
(d) the fuel is burning completely
Answer: (b) the fuel is not burning completely
Solution:
While cooking, if the bottom of the vessel is getting blackened on the outside indicates that the fuel is not burning completely.
4. Explain the nature of the covalent bond using the bond formation in CH
3
Cl.
Solution:
Since these reactions cost more energy and cause the system to become unstable, carbon is unable to gain or lose four electrons. As a result, CH3Cl shares its four electrons with carbon atoms or atoms of other elements to complete its octet configuration. Therefore, the bonding present in CH3Cl is covalent in nature.
In this case, one electron is needed by each hydrogen atom to complete its duplet, whereas four electrons are needed by carbon to complete its octet. In addition, chlorine needs one electron to finish the octet. Since they are all sharing electrons, carbon makes three bonds with hydrogen and one with chlorine.
5. Draw the electron dot structures for
(a) ethanoic acid
(b) H
2
S
(c) propanone
(d) F
2
Solution:
a)
b)
c)
d)
6. What is a homologous series? Explain with an example.
A collection of substances with the same functional group is called a homologous series. The general formula and chemical characteristics of this are likewise comparable. We can state that there would be a rise in molecule mass and size since there is a change in the physical characteristics.
For example, methane, ethane, propane, butane, etc., are all part of the alkane homologous series. The general formula of this series is C
n
H
2n+2
. Methane CH
4
Ethane CH
3
CH
3
Propane CH
3
CH
2
CH
3
Butane CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
3
. It can be noticed that there is a difference of −CH2 unit between each successive compound.
7. How can ethanol and ethanoic acid be differentiated on the basis of their physical and chemical properties?
Solution:
Ethanol
Ethanoic acid
It does not react with sodium hydrogen carbonate
Bubbles and fizzes with sodium hydrogen carbonate
A good smell
Smells like vinegar
No action in litmus paper
Blue litmus paper to red
Burning taste
Sour taste
8. Why does micelle formation take place when soap is added to water? Will a micelle be formed in other solvents, such as ethanol also?
Solution:
Micelle formation takes place because of the dirt particles in water and clean water. There are two mediums that are involved: one is pure water, and the other is dirt, also called impurities. The soap also has two mediums:
(i) organic tail
(ii) ionic head
Thus, the ionic head and oil or grease dissolve and mix with the water, while the organic tail combines and dissolves with the dirt. As a result, the soap molecules in the water pull the dirt away from the object that has to be cleaned. As a result, the micelles' (positively charged heads) reciprocal repulsion causes the soap to form closed structures that clean.
Other solvents, including ethanol, are unable to generate these micelles because the sodium salt of fatty acids does not dissolve in it.
9. Why are carbon and its compounds used as fuels for most applications?
Solution:
Carbon and its compounds are used as fuels for most applications because they have high calorific values and give out a lot of energy. Most of carbon compounds give a lot of heat and light when burnt in the air.
10.
Explain the formation of scum when hard water is treated with soap.
Solution:
Scum is produced from the reaction of hard water with soap. Calcium and magnesium present in the hard water form an insoluble precipitate called scum.
11. What change will you observe if you test soap with litmus paper (red and blue)?
Solution:
An alkaline solution is produced when soap dissolves in water and forms an alkaline NaOH or KOH solution. The blue litmus stays blue in the soap solution, whereas the red litmus turns blue in the solution.
12. What is hydrogenation? What is its industrial application?
Solution:
A process or chemical reaction involving hydrogen and other substances is known as hydrogenation. Usually, catalysts are present when it is done. For instance, platinum, palladium, or nickel. The primary purpose of hydrogenation is to saturate organic molecules.
13. Which of the following hydrocarbons undergo addition reactions: C
2
H
6
, C
3
H
8
, C
3
H
6
, C
2
H
2
and CH
4?
Solution:
Unsaturated hydrocarbons undergo addition reactions. C
3
H
6
and C
2
H
2
are unsaturated hydrocarbons which undergo addition reactions.
14. Give a test that can be used to differentiate between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons.
Solution:
Alkenes and alkynes are examples of unsaturated chemicals. The bromine water test is used to distinguish between these and other saturated compounds. Bromine is employed in the form of bromine water for this purpose. Bromine water is a solution of bromine in water.
Because bromine is present in it, the water is reddish-brown in hue. When an unsaturated compound is mixed with bromine water, the unsaturated molecule absorbs the bromine and the reddish-brown bromine water is released. Hence, an unsaturated hydrocarbon (one that has a double or triple bond) will decolorise bromine water; saturated hydrocarbons, or alkanes, on the other hand, do not decolorise bromine water.
To distinguish between saturated and unsaturated chemicals (such as alkenes and alkynes), the bromine water test is used. An unsaturated hydrocarbon releases its reddish-brown bromine solution when bromine water is introduced. Therefore, the chemical will be an unsaturated hydrocarbon if there is discolouration.
15. Explain the mechanism of the cleaning action of soaps.
Solution:
Water is contaminated with a great deal of pollutants and dirt, which doesn't dissolve in the water. Soap molecules consist of a mixture of salts, like potassium and sodium. The molecules are linked carboxylic acids in a lengthy chain. Thus, the soap begins to clean and trap the dirt when the ionic end dissolves in water and the carbon chain dissolves in oil. In order to collect the oil droplets, the soap molecules create structures known as micelles, which have ionic faces on one end. When the clothing is washed, this will create an emulsion in the water and aid in the dissolution of any dirt or contaminants.
At different ends, the soap molecules exhibit distinct characteristics. Both ends have two distinct properties: the hydrophilic end is soluble in water and attracts water, whereas the hydrophobic end dissolves in hydrocarbons and repels water. Because the hydrophobic tail is insoluble in water, it aligns itself along the water's surface.
Benefits of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4, Carbon and Its Compounds, provide several benefits to students:
Conceptual Clarity
: The solutions offer detailed explanations of key concepts like carbon's unique bonding properties, covalent bonds, and functional groups, helping students understand complex topics effectively.
Structured Learning
: The NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 are aligned with the NCERT textbook, ensuring that students follow the structured flow of topics, which is important for understanding organic chemistry systematically.
Simplified Problem Solving
: NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 break down numerical and theoretical problems into simple, step-by-step processes, making it easier for students to grasp and apply concepts.
Exam Preparation
: The NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 are based on the NCERT syllabus and follow the CBSE exam pattern. Practicing these solutions helps students prepare well for board exams.
Revision Support
: By providing concise and clear answers, the solutions act as a great revision tool before exams, allowing students to quickly review important concepts.
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This is an oxidation reaction that turns ethanol into ethanoic acid by taking off the hydrogen atom and adding oxygen. To create ethanal, ethanol must first lose one of its H2 molecules. The process is an oxidation reaction because the loss of hydrogen is an oxidation. In a similar manner, ethanal is converted to ethanoic acid by adding an oxygen atom. The reaction is an oxidation reaction because the process of gaining oxygen is known as oxidation.
