Class 10 History Chapter 4 The Age of Industrialization​ NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 4 The Age of Industrialisation help you understand how industries developed and how factories transformed work and society.

These Class 10 Social Science NCERT solutions explain proto-industrialisation, the rise of factories, labour conditions, and the impact of industrialisation in India in a simple and exam-focused way. They make revision easier, improve conceptual clarity, and help you prepare effectively for the History exam.

The Age of Industrialisation Class 10 NCERT Solutions

Class 10 History Chapter 4 Questions and Answers provide clear and concise solutions to all exercise problems, helping you understand key events and concepts. These answers make revision easier and support effective exam preparation.

1. Explain the following:

(a) Women workers in Britain attacked the Spinning Jenny.

(b) In the seventeenth century, merchants from towns in Europe began employing peasants and artisans within the villages.

(c) The port of Surat declined by the end of the eighteenth century.

(d) The East India Company appointed gomasthas to supervise weavers in India.

Ans:

1. British women workers disliked the Spinning Jenny because it accelerated the spinning process, which decreased the need for labour. Because of this, women working in the wool industry had a real fear of losing their employment. Up until now, they had survived by hand spinning, but the new machine threatened that.

2. The market, labour, raw resources, and the towns' commodity manufacture were under the control of the guild of trade and commerce. This created challenges for merchants hoping to increase output by recruiting more men. They consequently turned to rural artisans and peasants for assistance.

3. By the end of the eighteenth century, European companies had become more and more important in India's trade, which led to the decline of Surat's port. Local courts made several concessions to them, including exclusive commercial rights. Consequently, local merchants started to operate out of the traditional ports of Surat and Hooghly, which started to diminish.

(d) Gomasthas were recruited by the English East India Company to:

• Eliminate the need for dealers and middlemen and establish direct authority over the weavers
• to use control and advancement to keep weavers from engaging with other clients. In this way, weavers who received loans and fees in advance were obligated to the British.

2. Write True or False against each statement:

(a) At the end of the nineteenth century, 80 per cent of the total workforce in Europe was employed in the technologically advanced industrial sector.

Ans: False

(b) The international market for fine textiles was dominated by India till the eighteenth century.

Ans: True

(c) The American Civil War resulted in the reduction of cotton exports from India.

Ans: False.

3. Explain what is meant by proto-industrialisation.

Proto-industrialisation is the term used to describe the stage of industrialisation that preceded the factory system. Before factories arrived, there was extensive industrial manufacturing for a global market. This stage of industrial history is known as proto-industrialisation.