NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 5 The Age of Industrialization

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 5: Students can access all of the NCERT solutions for this chapter in the study guide NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science India and the Contemporary World - II Chapter 5 The Age of Industrialization. This will help them get a sense of the types of questions that may be asked in the CBSE Class 10 exam.

CBSE Class 10 Syllabus 2024-25

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 5 PDF

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 5 PDF

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 5

Explain the following:

(a) Women workers in Britain attacked the Spinning Jenny.

(b) In the seventeenth-century merchants from towns in Europe began employing peasants and artisans within the villages.

(c) The port of Surat declined by the end of the eighteenth century.

(d) The East India Company appointed gomasthas to supervise weavers in India.

Ans:

1. British women workers disliked the Spinning Jenny because it accelerated the spinning process, which decreased the need for labour. Because of this, women working in the wool industry had a real fear of losing their employment. Up until now, they had survived by hand spinning, but the new machine threatened that.

2.The market, labour, raw resources, and the towns' commodity manufacture were under the control of the guild of trade and commerce. This created challenges for merchants hoping to increase output by recruiting more men. They consequently turned to rural artisans and peasants for assistance.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 1

3.By the end of the eighteenth century, European companies had become more and more important in India's trade, which led to the decline of Surat's port. Local courts made a number of concessions to them, including exclusive commercial rights. Consequently, local merchants started to operate out of the traditional ports of Surat and Hooghly, which started to diminish.

(d) Gomasthas were recruited by the English East India Company to:

• Eliminate the need for dealers and middlemen and establish direct authority over the weavers
• to use control and advancement to keep weavers from engaging with other clients. In this way, weavers who received loans and fees in advance were obligated to the British.

2. Write True or False against each statement:

(a) At the end of the nineteenth century, 80 percent of the total workforce in Europe was employed in the technologically advanced industrial sector.

Ans: False

(b) The international market for fine textiles was dominated by India till the eighteenth century.

Ans: True

(c) The American Civil War resulted in the reduction of cotton exports from India.

Ans: False.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 2

3. Explain what is meant by proto-industrialization.

Proto-industrialization is the term used to describe the stage of industrialization that preceded the factory system. Before factories arrived, there was extensive industrial manufacturing for a global market. This stage of industrial history is known as proto-industrialization.

Discuss

1. Why did some industrialists in nineteenth-century Europe prefer hand labour over machines?

Ans: Some European entrepreneurs of the nineteenth century preferred hand labour to machinery because

• Machine-made apparel was unable to satisfy consumer demand for a broad variety of types, colours, and styles. Intricate patterns and hues could only be produced by human talent.
• Nobility and other upper-class people preferred only handcrafted goods throughout the Victorian era.
• Large capital expenditures were needed, and the machines were costly, inefficient, and challenging to maintain.
• Labour was easily available at reasonable pay at the time.
• Seasonal enterprises only need seasonal labour.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 3

2. How did the East India Company procure regular supplies of cotton and silk textiles from Indian weavers?

Ans:

• Gomasthas, or paid supervisor appointments, are what they are called. In addition, they procured materials and assessed the quality of the weavers' cloth.
• Company weavers are shielded from competing buyers by a system of advances and loans.

3. Imagine that you have been asked to write an article for an encyclopedia on Britain and the history of cotton. Write your piece using information from the entire chapter.

Ans:  Britain and the cotton history:

In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, traders engaged in textile trade with rural populations. Wool would be bought from a stapler by a clothier, who would then take it to the spinners and deliver the yarn to the weavers, fullers, and dyers for additional processing. The ultimate destination for these products was London. In the annals of British manufacturing history, this era is known as proto-industrialization. At this period, factories were not an essential component of the industry. Rather, there was a network of trade exchanges.

The first industrial emblem was cotton. Its productivity increased rapidly in the late nineteenth century. From 2.5 million pounds in 1760 to 22 million pounds in 1787, imports of raw cotton rose sharply. This was made possible by the introduction of the cotton mill, modern machinery, and improved management all under one roof. Up until 1840, cotton was the most significant industry in its early years.

Since machines meant less manual labour and fewer jobs, most inventions in the textile industry were met with derision and contempt from the workforce. The Spinning Jenny was one such invention. Women in the woollen business were against it and tried to destroy it since it was forcing them out of the workforce.