NCERT Solutions for Class 9 History Chapter 2 Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 History Chapter 2: NCERT Solutions for Class 9 History Chapter 3 provide students with a comprehensive understanding of the historical events discussed in the chapter. This chapter focuses on "Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution.

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 History Chapter 2 PDF

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 History Chapter 2 PDF

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 History Chapter 2 Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution

Exercise Page No. 48

1. What were the social, economic and political conditions in Russia before 1905?

Answer:

Social Condition:

Economic Condition:

Political Condition:

Socialist Revolutionary Party Struggled for Peasants’ Rights

2. In what ways was the working population in Russia different from other countries in Europe, before 1917?

Answer:

3. Why did the Tsarist autocracy collapse in 1917?

Answer:

4. Make two lists: one with the main events and the effects of the February Revolution and the other with the main events and effects of the October Revolution. Write a paragraph on who was involved in each, who were the leaders and what was the impact of each on Soviet history.

Answer:

Main events of February Revolution:

1. In February 1917, there was a shortage of food items in workers quarters.
2. On February 23, a lockout took place at a factory on the right bank. The workers in fifty factories called a strike and women played a very critical role in these strikes.
3. On February 25, the government suspended the Duma.
4. On February 27, Police headquarters were ransacked, people were demonstrating and raising slogans about bread, wages, better hours and democracy.
5. Petrograd Soviet was formed.
6. The Tsar abdicated in March 1917, bringing an end to the Monarchy.
7. Soviet leaders and Duma leaders formed a Provisional Government to run the country.

Effects of the February Revolution:

1. Restrictions on public meetings and associations were removed.
2. ‘Soviets’ like the Petrograd Soviet, were set up everywhere, though no common system of election was followed.
3. The number of trade unions increased.
4. In Industrial areas, factory committees were formed to question the way industrialists ran their factories.
5. Soldiers’ committees were formed in the Army.
6. The Bolsheviks’ influence kept growing, and the provisional government saw its power reducing.
7. Land committees were formed to handle redistribution of land, which was a popular demand for peasants and their socialist revolutionary leaders in the countryside.

Main events of the October Revolution:

Effects of the October Revolution.

1. Industries and banks were nationalised by November 1917; Government took over ownership and management.
2. The land was declared social property and peasants were allowed to seize the land of the nobility.
3. In the cities, the Bolsheviks enforced the partition of large houses according to family requirements.
4. Old titles of the aristocracy were banned.
5. New uniforms were designed for the army and officials.
6. Bolshevik Party was renamed as the Russian Communist Party (Bolshevik)
7. Bolsheviks conducted elections to the constituent assembly; however, they failed to attain the majority. The assembly rejected the Bolshevik measures, and Lenin dismissed the assembly.
8. All Russian Congress of Soviets became the Parliament of the country. Russia became a one-party state.
9. Trade unions were kept under party control. The Secret Police punished anyone who criticised the Bolsheviks. Many young artists and writers continued to support the Party, as it stood for Socialism.
10. Many experiments were done in Arts and Architecture. But many were unhappy because of the censorship.

5. What were the main changes brought about by the Bolsheviks immediately after the October Revolution?

Answer:

1. Industries and banks were nationalised by November 1917; Government took over ownership and management.
2. The land was declared as a social property and peasants were allowed to seize the land of the nobility.
3. In the cities, Bolsheviks enforced the partition of large houses according to family requirements.
4. Old titles of the aristocracy were banned.
5. New uniforms were designed for the army and officials.
6. Bolshevik Party was renamed as the Russian Communist Party (Bolshevik)
7. Bolsheviks conducted elections to the constituent assembly; however, they failed to attain the majority, Assembly rejected the Bolshevik measures, and Lenin dismissed the assembly.
8. All Russian Congress of Soviets became Parliament of the country. Russia became a one-party state.
9. Trade unions were kept under party control, the Secret Police punished anyone who criticised the Bolsheviks. Many young artists and writers continued to support the Party as it stood for Socialism.
10. Many experiments were done in Arts and Architecture. But many artists were unhappy because of the censorship.

6. Write a few lines to show what you know about:

Kulaks

Answer:

1. Wealthy peasants who Stalin believed were hoarding the grains to gain more profit.
2. When the towns faced acute shortage of grains, Kulaks were thought to be responsible for it.
3. Stalin thought it was necessary to eliminate them so that farms could be modernised.

The Duma

Answer:

Women workers between 1900 and 1930

Answer:

1. Their wages were less than the wages of men.
2. They formed 31% of the factory workforce.

The Liberals

Answer:

1. They considered all religions as equal.
2. They believed only men who have property had the right to vote
3. They wanted an elected form of Parliamentary governance.

Stalin’s collectivisation programme.

Answer:

1. He began this programme in 1929.
2. He believed this programme would help in improving grain supplies.
3. All peasants were forced to cultivate in collective farms called ‘Kolkhoz’.
4. On the contrary, this worsened the food supply situation.

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 History Chapter 2 Summary

The Age of Social Change

• Liberals, Radicals, and Conservatives
• Industrial Society and Social Change
• The Coming of Socialism to Europe
• Support for Socialism

The Russian Revolution

• The Russian Empire in 1914
• Economy and Society
• Socialism in Russia
• The Turbulent Time: The 1905 Revolution
• The First World War and the Russian Empire

The February Revolution in Petrograd

• After February
• The Revolution of October 1917

What Changed after October?

• The Civil War
• Making a Socialist Society
• Stalinism and Collectivisation

The Global Influence of the Russian Revolution and the USSR