NCERT Solutions for Class 9 History Chapter 5 Pastoralists in the Modern World help students understand how pastoral communities lived, moved, and survived during colonial rule.
The chapter explains the impact of British policies on nomadic herders in India and Africa and how their traditional way of life changed over time. These solutions strictly follow the NCERT textbook and are written in simple language to help students prepare confidently for CBSE Class 9 exams.
Pastoralists In The Modern World Class 9 Questions And Answers
The Pastoralists In The Modern World Class 9 Questions And Answers cover all textbook questions with clear explanations and well-structured answers.
Each answer highlights key historical points. This makes it easier for students to understand the problems faced by pastoralists under colonial administration.
Pastoralists In The Modern World NCERT Solutions for Class 9 are given here. Students can rely on these solutions for revisions and school assessments.
Q.1 Explain why nomadic tribes need to move from one place to another. What are the advantages to the environment of this continuous movement?Solution: To preserve their food and way of life, nomadic tribes relocate from one place to another. Water and new pastures for their animals are essential to their survival because they are in the animal husbandry business.
- Wasteland Rules
- Forest Acts
- Criminal Tribes Act
- Grazing Tax
b. Forest Acts: To produce timber that could be sold for a profit, such as sal or deodar, a number of forest statutes were passed. Pastoralists were prohibited from entering certain forest sections that had been designated as "Reserved." Pastoralists enjoyed certain customary grazing rights in those regions designated as "Protected," but their freedom of movement was severely restricted. The colonial rulers believed that grazing harmed roots and reduced the fertility of the forests, thus they passed these prohibitions. It had an impact on the pastoralists since it limited their movements and set time limits for how much time they could spend in the woodlands. It is safe to assume that the forest departments' permissions dictated every aspect of their existence.
C. Criminal Tribes Act: People who were nomads were treated with disdain and distrust by the British rulers. Tribal nomadic groups were always on the move, searching for new pastures. This made it challenging for them to manage and recognise such individuals. Conversely, they perceived the settlers as being law-abiding and peaceful. Thus, the British enacted the Criminal Tribes Act in 1871 in an attempt to subjugate pastoralists and nomads. Communities of dealers, artisans, and pastoralists were labelled as naturally occurring criminals by this ordinance. They had to stay put and were unable to relocate without a permit. That's why the village police were always on the lookout for them.
d. Grazing Tax: The colonial administration taxed land, salt, canal water, and animals in order to raise money. Every animal that pastoralists brought in to graze in the pastures was subject to a levy. By the middle of the nineteenth century, the Grazing Tax had been implemented in India. Contractors won an auction to acquire the right to collect these taxes in the 1850s. To recoup the money they had paid to the government, the contractors attempted to collect as much tax as they could. The pastoralists had to take fewer animals for grazing in order to receive a lower payment.
Q.3 Give reasons to explain why the Maasai community lost their grazing lands.
Solution: European colonial powers divided the region into several colonies in the late nineteenth century during what became known as the "scramble for Africa," paying little to no attention to the views of the native population. The Maasai country was divided in half in 1885 when British Kenya and German Tanzania drew an international border across it. As a result, white immigrants were given preference for the best grazing fields, forcing the Maasai into a limited region in northern Tanzania and southern Kenya. Large tracts of grazing land were also converted into game reserves, such as Tanzania's Serengeti Park and Kenya's Maasai Mara and Samburu National Park. Pastoralists were prohibited from entering these reserves and were not permitted to graze their herds or hunt in these areas.
Q.4 There are many similarities in the way in which the modern world forced changes in the lives of pastoral communities in India and East Africa. Write about any two examples of changes that were similar for Indian pastoralists and the Maasai herders. Solution: India and East Africa were under occupation by European colonial powers. There were many similarities in which both regions were exploited by these powers.
(I) Forest laws Pastoralists' lifestyles in Africa and India have also changed as a result of various forest laws. The forest was designated as protected and reserved in India. The restricted forest was inaccessible to pastoralists. The ongoing loss of their grazing pastures is one of the issues the Maasai people are dealing with. To expand farming, the colonial authority hired more native peasants.
b) Closing of borders The international boundary dividing German Tanganyika and British Kenya split Maasai country in half in Africa. The White immigrants grabbed the best land, forcing the natives into a confined region with few pastures. The Raikas were compelled to relocate to Haryana as a result of political partition in India, as they were no longer permitted to travel to Sindh, which subsequently became a province of Pakistan. Following Sindh province's accession to Pakistan, the herders were unable to travel there.
Pastoralists In The Modern World Summary
The chapter explains how pastoralism was a way of life based on seasonal movement and livestock rearing. Pastoralists moved with their animals in search of fresh pasture and water.
Key points covered include:
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Nomadic Life: Seasonal migration for grazing
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Colonial Impact: Forest Acts, Grazing Taxes, and Pass Systems
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Indian Pastoralists: Gujjars, Bakarwals, Dhangars, and Raikas
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African Pastoralists: Maasai community and loss of grazing lands
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Adaptation: Changes in routes, occupations, and resistance
The chapter highlights how colonial policies disrupted traditional livelihoods but pastoralists continued to survive through adaptation.
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NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science History |
| NCERT Solutions Class 9 History Chapter 1 |
| NCERT Solutions Class 9 History Chapter 2 |
| NCERT Solutions Class 9 History Chapter 3 |
| NCERT Solutions Class 9 History Chapter 4 |
| NCERT Solutions Class 9 History Chapter 5 |
NCERT Solutions for Class 9 History Chapter 5 FAQs
What is pastoralism in Class 9 History?
Pastoralism is a livelihood based on rearing animals and seasonal movement in search of grazing land.
Who were pastoralists in the modern world?
Pastoralists included communities like Gujjars, Bakarwals, Raikas in India, and Maasai in Africa.
How did colonial rule affect pastoralists?
Colonial laws restricted grazing lands, imposed taxes, and limited movement, making life difficult for pastoralists.
Are NCERT Solutions enough for Class 9 History Chapter Pastoralists In The Modern World?
Yes, Pastoralists In The Modern World Class 9 Questions And Answers are sufficient for exams if studied properly.
Is Class 9 SST Pastoralists In The Modern World chapter important for CBSE exams?
Yes, Class 9 SST Pastoralists In The Modern World chapter is frequently asked and helps in understanding colonial economic policies.
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