Bihar Board 12 Class Geography Syllabus 2025, Learn Preparation Tips

Bihar Board 12 Class Geography Syllabus 2025 Highlights

Particulars

Details

Conducting Body

Bihar School Examination Board (BSEB)

Class

12th Standard

Subject

Geography

Syllabus Division

Part A: Fundamentals of Human Geography

Part B: India – People and Economy

Total Marks

100 (Theory: 70 Marks, Practical/Project: 30 Marks)

Exam Duration

3 Hours

Assessment Components

Theory Exam, Map Work, Practical Activities, and Project Work

Curriculum 

NCERT Guidelines

Official Website

biharboardonline.com

Bihar Board 12 Class Geography Syllabus 2025 

Fundamentals of Human Geography

Unit

Key Concepts

Activity / Resource

1. Fundamentals of Human Geography

- Nature and Scope

2. People

- Population of the world: distribution, density, and growth

- Population change, spatial pattern and structure, determinants of population changes, age and sex ratio, rural-urban composition

- Human development, concept, selected indicators, international comparison

- Census Book

- Map, Project Work, and Survey

3. Human Activities

- Primary activities: Concept and changing trends, gathering, pastoral mining, subsistence agriculture

- Secondary activities: Concept, manufacturing, agro-processing, household, small scale, large scale

- Tertiary activities: Concept, trade, transport, and communication

- Quaternary activities: Knowledge-based industry, information technology – USA, Britain, India, its contribution

- Maps, Observation, and Survey

4. Transport, Communication & Trade

- Land Transport: Road, Railways, Air, Water

- Satellite Communication, Cyber Zone

- International Technology – USA, Britain, India, its contribution

- Constitution of different models, observations

5. Human Settlement

- Types, characteristics & problems: Rural & Urban

- Morphology of cities

- Problems related to human settlements in developing countries

- Map, Models of different houses, Survey

India: People and Economy

6. Introduction

- Location, Neighbourhood relations and place of India in world

- Map problems related to neighbouring country

7. Physical Aspects & Drainage System

- Physiography, relief, drainage system, physical divisions

- Map, Excursion, Observation

8. Climate, Vegetation and Soil

- Weather & climate, distribution of temperature, pressure, winds & rainfall

- Indian monsoons, natural vegetation – types and distribution

- Wildlife conservation

- Soil, major types (ICAR classification), their distribution and conservation

- Map, Observation

9. Resources and Development

- Land resources: Agriculture land use, major crops, and agricultural development and problems

- Water resources: Achievement and usages, problems and conservation

- Mineral and energy resources: Metals and non-metals, minerals and its distribution and conservation, conventional and non-conventional resources of energy

- Map, Survey, Collection of Data

10. Transport, Communication & International Trade

- Road, railways, waterways, airways, gas and oil pipeline, national electricity grid

- Map, Collection of Data

11. Population

- Distribution, density & growth

- Composition of population, language and religion, rural-urban population

- Map, Observation

12. Natural Hazards and Management

- Flood and drought, earthquake and volcano, landslides, cyclones, tsunami

- Field Survey and Observation, Collection of Information

Practical Assessment (30 marks)

UNIT

KEY CONCEPTS

ACTIVITY / RESOURCE

1. Processing of Data and Thematic mapping

- Sources of data, tabulating and processing of data, calculation, averages.

- Measures of Central tendency, Maps construction.

- Line formation and Analysis

2. Regional Study

- Field survey and study, directions of Map, observation, construction of Diagram.

- Study of one local aspect:

(i) Pollution

(ii) Fall in the level of underground water

(iii) Change in land use pattern

(iv) Poverty

- Field Survey and Map construction

3. Survey

- Chain & tapes survey, Needs and its uses.

- Field surveying and line construction

4. Identification of Rock and Minerals

- Minerals – Quartz, Mica, Bauxite, Hematite, Calcite.

- Rocks – Granite, Basalt, Sandstone, Limestone, Shell, Slate.

- To identify the rock & minerals

5. Records and Practical Books

- Aerial Photography, Remote Sensing.

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