HPSC SDAO Syllabus 2023, Check SDAO Latest Exam Pattern

• Prelims
• Main
• Interview

• Natural resources, their protection, and sustainable management in connection to ecology,
• Physical and social environments as influences on the production and distribution of crops
• Cropping patterns and agroecology as environmental indicators
• Crop, animal, and human risks connected with environmental contamination
• International agreements and worldwide activities related to climate change
• Environmental pollution and climate change
• Remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GIS) are modern technologies for ecological study.

• Cropping practices in the nation's various agroclimatic zones
• Changes in cropping patterns are impacted by high-yielding and short-duration cultivars.
• Concepts for different agricultural methods and crop types
• Precision and organic farming
• A set of procedures for growing significant amounts of grains, legumes, sugar, fiber, commercial, and fodder crops

• Important characteristics, as well as the scope, of many types of plantings for forestry, including social forestry, agro-forestry, and natural forests
• development of forest plants
• Forestry goods
• Value addition and agroforestry
• protection of the forest's wildlife and plants

• Weeds, their traits, how they spread, and how they are associated with different types of crops, as well as the control of them by cultural, biological, and chemical means.

• Properties of soil's physical, chemical, and biological composition
• Processes and soil-formation factors
• Indian soils
• The significance of soil's mineral and organic components in preserving soil productivity
• Plants and soils contain beneficial components and essential plant nutrition.
• Integrated nutrient management, soil fertility principles, and recommendations for fertilizers Biofertilizers
• Nitrogen losses from the soil, the effectiveness of using nitrogen in submerged rice soils, and soil nitrogen fixing
• Effective usage of potassium and phosphorus
• Reclamation of problematic soils
• Elements in the soil that impact greenhouse gas emissions

• Conservation of soil and comprehensive watershed management
• The prevention of soil erosion
• issues with dry land farming
• Technology for enhancing rainfed agriculture productivity

• Crop productivity and water consumption efficiency, timing requirements for irrigations, and methods for minimizing irrigation water runoff losses
• collecting rainwater
• irrigation with drip and sprinklers
• Water-logged soil drainage, irrigation water quality, the impact of industrial effluents on soil and water contamination
• India's irrigation initiatives

• Farm management, including its range, significance, and traits, and farm planning
• Budgeting and resource usage at their best
• The economics of various farming methods
• Market intelligence and marketing management techniques
• Price variations and their costs, the function of cooperatives in the agricultural economy, the many farming systems and the variables that influence them, and more.
• Agriculture price regulation
• Crop Protection

• Agricultural extension, its significance, and function, techniques for evaluating extension programs, a socioeconomic analysis, and the situation of large, small, marginal, and landless farmers are all discussed here.
• Extension workers' training programs
• Farming technology distribution through non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and self-help groups: The role of Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVK)

B

• Cell cycle, composition, and operation
• The creation, composition, and use of genetic material
• the hereditary laws
• Linkage, cross-over, and chromosomal abnormalities, as well as their importance in recombination breeding, are discussed.
• Euploidy, aneuploidy, and polyploidy
• The importance of mutation in agricultural improvement
• Classification of heritability, sterility, and incompatibility traits and their use in crop improvement
• Characters that are inherited from the cytoplasm, sex-linked, sex-influenced, and sex-limited

• Plant breeding history
• strategies for crossing, selfing, and reproduction
• Center of origin, the law of homologous series, domestication and conservation of agricultural genetic resources, and origin, evolution, and domestication of crop plants.
• Utilizing plant breeding methods to enhance agricultural plants
• The use of molecular markers in plant improvement
• In plant breeding, the importance of pure-line selection, pedigree, mass and recurrent selections, combining ability, and other factors is significant
• The utilization of heterosis
• Thereforematic hybridization
• resistance to disease and pests in breeding
• hybridization between different species and between different genera
• Crop enhancement through genetic engineering and biotechnology plants that have been genetically modified

• Technology used in seed production and processing
• Testing, storing, and certifying seeds
• Seed identification and DNA fingerprinting
• role of public and private sectors in the marketing and manufacturing of seeds
• WTO concerns, issues relating to intellectual property rights (IPR), and their effects on agriculture

• principles of plant physiology with relation to nutrient metabolism, absorption, and transport in plants
• Soil, water, and plant interactions

• Enzymes and plant pigments; contemporary theories and influences on photosynthesis; aerobic and anaerobic respiration; Mechanisms C3, C4, and CAM
• metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
• Development and growth, photoperiodism, and vernalization
• Plant growth factors and how they affect crop output
• biology of seed germination and growth; dormancy
• Stress physiology: stress from water, salt, and draft

• Major crops of fruits, vegetables, flowers, spices, and plantation crops
• Major horticulture crop package practices
• High-tech horticulture and protected cultivation
• Post-harvest technologies and fruit and vegetable value addition
• Commercial landscaping and floriculture
• Aromatic and medicinal plants
• Fruits and vegetables' role in dietary intake

• An analysis of the economic significance of pests and illnesses of field crops, vegetables, orchard crops, and plantations
• Pest and disease classification, and how to control them
• Pest and disease control that is integrated
• Storage pests: prevention and control
• Pest and illness biological control
• Major crop pests and illnesses epidemiology and forecasting
• procedures for plant quarantine
• Pesticides, their composition, and their mechanisms of action

• Trends in Indian food production and consumption
• Vision 2020: Food security and rising population
• Causes of the grain excess
• International and domestic food regulations
• Constraints in production, procurement, and distribution
• Food grain availability and per-person food costs
• Public distribution system, population living below the poverty line, targeted public distribution system (TPDS), and policy execution in relation to globalization trends
• processing limitations
• Relationship between food production, national dietary recommendations, and eating habits
• Dietary methods based on food that end hunger
• Micronutrient deficit and HRD in relation to the labor capability of women and children, as well as Protein Energy Malnutrition or Protein Calorie Malnutrition (PEM or PCM), are examples of nutrient deficiencies.
• Productivity of food grains and food safety