UGC NET Economics Syllabus 2026 (Paper 1 & 2), Complete Topics, Exam Pattern & PDF

• Paper 1: 100 Marks
• Paper 2: 200 Marks

UGC NET Economics Syllabus 2026 Unit Wise

Unit Name

Topics

Unit 1: Micro Economics

• Theory of Consumer Behaviour

• Theory of Production and Costs

• Decision making under uncertainty Attitude towards Risk

• Game Theory – Non-Cooperative games

• Market Structures, competitive and non-competitive equilibria, and their efficiency properties

• Factor Pricing

• General Equilibrium Analysis, etc.

Unit 2: Macro Economics

• National Income: Concepts and Measurement

• Determination of output and employment: Classical & Keynesian Approach

• Consumption Function

• Investment Function

• Multiplier and Accelerator

• Demand for Money

• Supply of Money

• IS-LM Model Approach, etc.

Unit 3: Statistics and Econometrics

• Probability Theory: Concepts of probability, Distributions, Moments, Central Limit theorem

• Descriptive Statistics – Measures of Central tendency & dispersions, Correlation, Index Numbers

• Sampling Methods & Sampling Distribution

• Statistical Inferences, Hypothesis testing

• Linear Regression Models and their Properties – BLUE

• Identification Problem, etc.

Unit 4: Mathematical Economics

• Sets, functions, continuity, sequence, series

• Differential Calculus and its Applications

• Linear Algebra – Matrices, Vector Spaces

• Static Optimization Problems and their applications

• Input-Output Model, Linear Programming

• Difference and Differential equations with applications

Unit 5: International Economics

• International Trade: Basic Concepts and analytical tools

• Theories of International Trade

• International Trade under imperfect competition

• Balance of Payments: Composition, Equilibrium and Disequilibrium and Adjustment Mechanisms

• Exchange Rate: Concepts and Theories

• Foreign Exchange Market and Arbitrage

• Gains from Trade, Terms of Trade, Trade Multiplier

• Tariff and Non-Tariff barriers to trade; Dumping

• GATT, WTO, and Regional Trade Blocks; Trade Policy Issues

• IMF & World Bank

Unit 6: Public Economics

• Market Failure and Remedial Measures

• Regulation of Market – Collusion and Consumers’ Welfare

• Public Revenue: Tax & Non-Tax Revenue, Direct & Indirect Taxes,

• Progressive and non-Progressive Taxation, Incidence and Effects of Taxation

• Public expenditure

• Public Debt and its Management

• Public Budget and Budget Multiplier

• Fiscal Policy and its Implications

Unit 7: Money and Banking

• Components of Money Supply

• Central Bank

• Commercial Banking

• Instruments and Working of Monetary Policy

• Non-banking Financial Institutions

• Capital Market and it's Regulation

Unit 8: Growth and Development Economics

• Economic Growth and Economic Development

• Theories of Economic Development: Adam Smith, Ricardo, Marx, Schumpeter, Rostow, Balanced & Unbalanced growth, Big Push approach.

• Models of Economic Growth: Harrod-Domar, Solow, Robinson, Kaldor

• Technical progress – Disembodied & embodied; endogenous growth

• Indicators of Economic Development: PQLI, HDI, SDGs

• Poverty and Inequalities – Concepts and Measurement

• Social Sector Development: Health, Education, Gender

Unit 9: Environmental Economics and Demography

• Environment as a Public Good

• Market Failure

• Coase Theorem

• Cost-Benefit Analysis and Compensation Criteria

• Valuation of Environmental Goods

• Theories of Population

• Concepts and Measures: Fertility, Morbidity, Mortality

• Age Structure, Demographic Dividend

• Life Table

• Migration

Unit 10: Indian Economy

• Economic Growth in India: Pattern and Structure

• Agriculture: Pattern & Structure of Growth, Major Challenges, Policy Responses

• Industry: Pattern & Structure of Growth, Major Challenges, Policy Responses

• Services: Pattern & Structure of Growth, Major Challenges, Policy Responses

• Rural Development – Issues, Challenges & Policy Responses

• Urban Development – Issues, Challenges, and Policy Responses.

• Foreign Trade: Structure and Direction, BOP, Flow of Foreign Capital, Trade Policies

• Infrastructure Development: Physical and Social; Public-Private Partnerships

• Reforms in Land, Labour, and Capital Markets

• Centre-State Financial Relations and Finance Commissions of India; FRBM

• Poverty, Inequality & Unemployment

UGC NET Economics Exam Pattern 2026

Paper

Sections

Number of Questions

Maximum Marks

Paper 1

Teaching Aptitude, Research Aptitude, Reading Comprehension, Communication, Reasoning (including Maths), Logical Reasoning, Data Interpretation, Information & Communication Technology (ICT), People & Environment, and Higher Education System

50

100

Paper 2

Economics

100

200