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COP29 Summit 2024, Host Country, Theme, Agreement

The COP29 Summit is being held in Baku, Azerbaijan, from November 11 to 22, 2024. India expressed dissatisfaction with developed countries over inadequate efforts to address climate change at the UNFCCC COP29 Summit.
authorImageDeeksha Dixit22 Nov, 2024
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COP29 Summit 2024

COP29 Summit : The 29th Conference of Parties (COP29) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is a crucial global summit focusing on advancing climate action. The event is being hosted in Baku, Azerbaijan from November 11 to 22, 2024.

Discussions at the COP29 Summit will aim to strengthen global commitments under the Paris Agreement, particularly emphasising equitable climate finance, mitigation strategies, and adaptation measures. Recently, the UAE launched the Global Energy Efficiency Alliance (GEEA) at COP29. The outcomes of COP29 Azerbaijan will be shared on November 22nd.

What Is COP29?

The ‘Conference of the Parties’ or ‘COP’ is an annual event that brings together the governments that have signed up for environmental action under the United Nations (UN). Governments or ‘parties’ attend the climate change COP if they are part of the UNFCC, the international environmental treaties, the Kyoto Protocol (1997), or the landmark and legally binding Paris Agreement (2015). COP29 refers to the United Nations Climate Change Conference of 2024 . It brings together representatives from 198 member nations to discuss strategies for combating climate change, implementing the Paris Agreement, and enhancing global resilience against climate impacts. These conferences are part of ongoing efforts to limit global temperature rise to below 1.5°C. Discussions at the COP29 Summit focus on serious issues like climate finance, phasing out fossil fuel subsidies, and operationalising Article 6 of the Paris Agreement , which governs international carbon markets. The final negotiations will be held on November 22, the last day of the summit.

UNFCCC COP29 Full Form

The UNFCCC COP29 stands for the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 29th Conference of the Parties . UNFCCC was established in 1992 to combat climate change by stabilising greenhouse gas emissions. Each annual COP serves as a platform to review progress and adopt new strategies to meet these objectives.
UNFCCC COP29 Summit - Overview
Aspect Details
Event Name 29th Conference of the Parties (COP29) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
Presidency Azerbaijan
Location Baku, Azerbaijan
Dates November 11 to November 22, 2024
Presidency Objective To deliver a transparent, impartial, and inclusive process for advancing global climate action.
Theme In Solidarity for a Green World
COP29 Pillars for Action 1. Enhancing Ambition in global climate efforts. 2. Enabling action through effective implementation of climate policies.
COP29 President Mukhtar Babayev
Key Focus Areas
  • Strengthening commitments under the Paris Agreement.
  • Equitable climate finance, mitigation strategies, and adaptation measures.
Official Website unfccc.int/cop29

COP29 Summit Dates

The COP29 Summit also known as the United Nations Climate Change Conference 2024 is taking place from 11 to 22 November 2024 . During this period, negotiations will cover various agenda items, including climate adaptation plans, mitigation efforts, and international cooperation on carbon market mechanisms. Here is the two-week agenda for COP29:
COP29 Summit 2024 Dates
Date Day Event
November 11 Monday COP29 Opening
November 12 Tuesday World Leaders Climate Action Summit
November 13 Wednesday World Leaders Climate Action Summit
November 14 Thursday Finance, Investment, and Trade Day
November 15 Friday Energy / Peace, Relief, and Recovery Day
November 16 Saturday Science, Technology, and Innovation / Digitalisation Day
November 17 Sunday Rest Day (No Thematic Programming)
November 18 Monday Human Development / Children and Youth / Health / Education Day
November 19 Tuesday Food, Agriculture, and Water Day
November 20 Wednesday Urbanisation / Transport / Tourism Day
November 21 Thursday Nature & Biodiversity, Indigenous Peoples, Gender Equality, Oceans and Coastal Zones Day
November 22 Friday Final Negotiations

COP29 Host Country

The COP Presidency rotates annually between the five UN regions. This year, the president and host country for the COP29 Summit is Azerbaijan, marking the first time this nation is leading such a significant global event. Azerbaijan's role highlights the involvement of developing and transition economies in shaping climate action narratives.

COP29 Theme and Logo

The COP29 Summit is being held under the spirit of "In Solidarity for a Green World," emphasizing the need for global unity and collective action to address climate change and promote sustainable development. It call for collaboration across all sectors and regions to create a resilient and sustainable future for the planet. The COP29 logo combines symbols of the buta (a traditional Azerbaijani motif), a leaf, and drops of water, representing the harmony between nature and culture. Source: Official COP29 Website

Agreement on International Carbon Market Standards

The conference marks significant progress on Article 6 of the Paris Agreement , which focuses on cooperative approaches to achieving global climate goals through market-based and non-market mechanisms. At the COP29 Summit, new standards were agreed upon, advancing the operationalization of carbon markets under the UN framework. These standards will help countries implement their climate plans more efficiently, offering a mechanism to drive down emissions and generate new finance flows, especially to developing nations. This agreement is expected to support global climate efforts by facilitating cost-effective emissions reductions and helping save up to $250 billion annually .

Global Energy Efficiency Alliance

Building on the momentum of the 'UAE Consensus' at COP28, the Global Energy Efficiency Alliance was launched at the 2024 United Nations Climate Change Conference . The Alliance's objective is to double global annual energy efficiency rates by 2030 and significantly reduce carbon emissions worldwide. This collaborative approach will aim to promote knowledge sharing, build capacity, and standardize policies that encourage investment in energy efficiency projects. The Global Energy Efficiency Alliance seeks collective participation from nations, multilateral organizations, and private sector players to implement policies, technologies, and investments that align with global sustainability goals. Special attention will be given to African countries , with plans to share innovative financing models and technological solutions essential for their sustainable development.

India's Call for New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG)

India, representing like-minded developing countries (LMDCs) , called for a grant-based, long-term climate finance mechanism under the New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG ) . India urged developed nations to commit to mobilizing at least $1.3 trillion annually for climate finance until 2030, ensuring that this support is in the form of grants, not investments. India also criticized the lack of progress on key issues affecting developing nations at the COP 29 Summit, highlighting their vulnerability to climate change and limited capacity for adaptation and recovery. Along with other developing countries, India is advocating for a transparent framework under the NCQG to ensure that wealthy nations meet their annual climate finance pledge.

Major Achievements of COP29 Summit 2024

The final negotiation of the UNFCCC COP29 Summit will be shared on November 22nd. UPSC aspirants must focus on key achievements of COP as there might be related questions in UPSC Prelims and Mains. Here are some key achievements of previous COPs:
Major Achievements of UNFCCC COP
COP Conference Year Key Achievement Details
COP1 1995 Berlin Mandate Laid foundation for future emission reduction targets.
COP3 1997 Kyoto Protocol Legally binding emissions reductions for developed countries.
COP15 2009 Copenhagen Accord Recognized 2°C target; pledged $100 billion/year in climate finance.
COP21 2015 Paris Agreement Global commitment to limit warming to below 2°C, aiming for 1.5°C.
COP23 2017 Talanoa Dialogue Launched the "Talanoa Dialogue" to review progress on climate goals.
COP25 2019 Madrid Summit Continued work on carbon market rules and ambition.
COP26 2021 Glasgow Pact Pledges to reduce coal use, methane emissions, and deforestation.
COP28 2023 Loss and Damage Fund Officially operationalized a fund for climate impacts in vulnerable countries.

UPSC PYQs on UNFCCC COP

UPSC Mains 2021 : Describe the major outcomes of the 26th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). What are the commitments made by India in this conference? UPSC Mains 2021: Explain the purpose of the Green Grid Initiative launched at the World Leaders Summit of the COP26 UN Climate Change Conference in Glasgow in November 2021. When was this idea first floated in the International Solar Alliance (ISA)? UPSC Prelims 2016: With reference to the Agreement at the UNFCCC Meeting in Paris in 2015, which of the following statements is/are correct?
  1. The Agreement was signed by all the member countries of the UN, and it will go into effect in 2017.
  2. The Agreement aims to limit the greenhouse gas emissions so that the rise in average global temperature by the end of this century does not exceed 2ºC or even 1.5ºC above pre-industrial levels.
  3. Developed countries acknowledged their historical responsibility in global warming and committed to donate $ 1000 billion a year from 2020 to help developing countries to cope with climate change.
Select the correct answer using the code given below: (a) 1 and 3 only (b) 2 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 For guidance and quality resources on such topics, explore PW UPSC Courses now!
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COP29 Summit FAQs

What is the COP29 Summit?

COP29 is the 29th session of the United Nations Climate Change Conference, focusing on global strategies to combat climate change.

Where is COP29 being held?

COP29 is hosted in Baku, Azerbaijan, from 11-22 November 2024.

What is the theme of COP29?

The theme or tagline of COP29 is "In Solidarity for a Green World", emphasizing global unity and collaborative action for climate resilience and sustainable development.

What is Article 6 at COP29?

Article 6 of the Paris Agreement deals with international carbon markets and cooperative approaches for emission reductions. COP29 aims to advance its operationalization to allow countries to meet climate goals through market-based mechanisms.

What is the purpose of COP29?

The purpose of COP29 is to enhance global climate ambition, implement the Paris Agreement, and address critical issues such as climate finance, mitigation strategies, adaptation, and carbon markets.
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