Indian Constitution Day 2024, Constitution Adoption, History

Indian Constitution Day, also known as Samvidhan Divas, is celebrated on November 26th every year to commemorate the adoption of the Indian Constitution. This day honours the significant event of November 26, 1949, when the Constituent Assembly of India formally adopted the Constitution, which later came into effect on January 26, 1950. This document not only established India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, and democratic republic but also laid the groundwork for its citizens' rights, duties, and responsibilities.

We have specially curated this guide which provides deeper insights into the origins, significance, and essence of Indian Constitution Day 2024 and understand why it is celebrated with such pride.

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Constitution Day of India Overview

Indian Constitution Day, also known as Samvidhan Divas, is celebrated every November 26 t o commemorate the adoption of the Constitution of India in 1949. The day honours the efforts of the Constituent Assembly and reminds citizens of the democratic values glorified in the Constitution while ensuring justice, liberty, and equality for all.

Why Indian Constitution Day is Celebrated

The primary purpose of Indian Constitution Day is to acknowledge and honour the legacy of the Constitution of India, which represents the aspirations and values of the nation. Such observance of Indian Constitution Day also reminds citizens of the importance of upholding constitutional values in daily life. The introductory reasons why Constitution Day is celebrated include:

• To honour the work of the Constituent Assembly : The drafting committee which was led by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar , meticulously worked through many drafts and discussions to create a Constitution that would uphold India’s integrity and unity.
• To raise awareness about the Indian Constitution : Indian Constitution Day 2024 encourages citizens, to learn more about the Indian Constitution , its rights, principles, and the significance of being an informed and responsible citizen.
• To celebrate democracy : The Constitution is the cornerstone of India’s democratic governance.

In 2015, the Government of India declared November 26th as Indian Constitution Day, honouring the 125th birth anniversary of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, who is widely regarded as the architect and father of the Indian Constitution.

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When the Indian Constitution Was Adopted

The adoption of the Indian Constitution was a milestone event in India's journey towards independence and democracy. Here are key events that led to when the Indian constitution was adopted:

Drafting Process

The drafting of the Constitution was an exhaustive process that required the dedicated efforts of many visionaries including Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, Dr. Rajendra Prasad, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, and other esteemed members of the Constituent Assembly.

• The assembly was constituted in 1946 and held 11 sessions over two years, 11 months, and 18 days, during which each clause was debated and examined extensively.
• As Chairman of the Drafting Committee, Dr. Ambedkar played a key role in structuring the document, which is why he is often referred to as the Father of the Indian Constitution.
• In total, the Constituent Assembly held 165 days of meetings, involving intense discussions and debates among over 300 members.

The Assembly’s diverse representation ensured that various perspectives were considered, ultimately leading to a balanced, inclusive, and comprehensive document.

Indian Constitution (A Unique Framework)

The Constitution of India is one of the longest-written constitutions in the world, comprising a Preamble, 470 Articles, 12 Schedules, and multiple amendments. Inspiration was drawn from several other constitutions worldwide, including those of the United States, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada, and Australia. However, the Constitution of India is uniquely tailored to address India’s social, cultural, and economic needs.

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a. Fundamental Rights and Duties

The Constitution of India focuses on Fundamental Rights (Articles 12–35), which guarantee citizens basic rights such as the Right to Equality, Freedom, Protection against Exploitation, and Freedom of Religion. In 1976, Fundamental Duties were also incorporated, emphasizing responsibilities such as respecting the nation and preserving cultural heritage.

b. Federal Structure with a Unitary Bias

Indian Constitution has established a federal system , where powers are shared between the central and state governments, but it also has a unitary tilt . During times of emergency, for example, the central government has overriding powers, ensuring national unity.

c. Parliamentary System of Government

India adopted a parliamentary system of government based on the British model. This system ensures that the executive is accountable to the legislature, promoting transparency and governance responsiveness.

d. Secularism and Socialism

The Indian Constitution declares India a secular nation, which assures equal respect for all religions. It also promotes socialism , where the government aims to reduce economic inequalities and provide social welfare.

e. Independent Judiciary

The Indian Constitution ensures an independent judiciary , which protects the rights of citizens and acts as a check on the other branches of government. The Supreme Court of India has the power of judicial review , ensuring laws passed are in line with the Constitution.

Celebrations and Observances of Constitution Day of India 2024

Every year, Indian Constitution Day 2024 will be celebrated across India, while focusing on educational initiatives and public awareness programs. The government and educational institutions organize activities like:

• Reading the Preamble : On Indian Constitution Day 2024, government officials and students read the Preamble of the Constitution, reaffirming their commitment to its values.
• Debates, Essays, and Quizzes : Many schools and colleges organize quizzes, debates, and essay-writing competitions to encourage students to know more about the Indian Constitution.
• Seminars and Workshops : The government conducts seminars and workshops discussing the Constitution’s history, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar's role, and contemporary constitutional law issues.

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Dr. B.R. Ambedkar (The Father of the Indian Constitution)

Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar who is often referred to as the Father of the Indian Constitution, played a key role in drafting the Constitution. Ambedkar was a visionary leader and known for his focus on social justice and equality. He envisioned a Constitution that would operate as a tool for social transformation and upliftment of marginalized communities. His contributions are commemorated on Indian Constitution Day, as he is celebrated for his wisdom, insight, and dedication to shaping a just society.

Impact of Constitution Day of India on Society

Constitution Day of India motivates citizens to take pride in the democratic values upheld by the Constitution. It serves as a reminder to exercise their rights responsibly and fulfill their duties toward the nation. In an era where knowledge of civic rights and duties is essential, Indian Constitution Day 2024 will play a significant role in cultivating a deeper understanding of constitutional values among the youth.

"Hamara Samvidhan, Hamara Samman" Campaign

On January 24, 2024, the Hon’ble Vice President of India launched the "Hamara Samvidhan, Hamara Samman" campaign at the Dr. B.R. Ambedkar International Centre in New Delhi. This year-long initiative seeks to deepen citizens' understanding of the Constitution, emphasizing its role in shaping India’s democratic framework and empowering citizens with knowledge of their legal rights and responsibilities.

Campaign Highlights

1. Building Constitutional Awareness: Simplifying and promoting constitutional principles like justice, equality, liberty, and fraternity through workshops, seminars, and regional events.
2. Promoting Legal Rights & Responsibilities: Educating citizens on their Fundamental Rights, duties, and avenues to seek justice, such as Sabko Nyay and Har Ghar Nyay , highlights legal support accessibility.
3. Empowering Underserved Communities: Through initiatives like Vidhi Jagriti Abhiyaan , the campaign reaches rural areas to raise awareness of legal entitlements and protections for marginalized communities.
4. Citizen Engagement through Digital Platforms: A dedicated online portal offers resources, quizzes, and discussion forums to encourage active participation and pledges to uphold constitutional values.

Towards a Developed India by 2047

Aligned with India’s vision of a Viksit Bharat , this campaign highlights the Constitution’s role in promoting an inclusive and prosperous nation. Complementary programs like Nyaya Bandhu and DISHA's Tele-Law Programme ensure marginalized citizens receive quality legal help, supporting the campaign’s holistic approach to justice. By engaging citizens through regional events and digital outreach, the campaign aspires to strengthen democratic participation and constitutional reverence across all sections of society.

Latest Updates on Constitution Day and Parliamentary Activities

The Government has convened an All-Party Meeting on 24th November 2024 at 11 A.M. in the Main Committee Room, Parliament House Annexe, New Delhi. Chaired by Union Minister of Parliamentary Affairs Shri Kiren Rijiju and presided over by Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh , the meeting aims to discuss priorities for the Winter Session of Parliament , scheduled from 25th November to 20th December 2024 , subject to government business.

Constitution Day Observance

To commemorate Constitution Day on 26th November 2024 , there will be no sittings of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha on the day. This characterises a gesture of reverence towards the nation’s foundational principles.

Conclusion

Indian Constitution Day 2024 is not just a ceremonial observance but it is a day to cherish the document that has enabled India’s growth as a democracy. From protecting individual freedoms to promoting social justice, the Indian Constitution has been the cornerstone of India's democratic journey. On this day, Indians come together to honour the founding fathers' legacy, particularly Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, and pledge their continued allegiance to the Constitution. As we celebrate Constitution Day of India 2024, let us remember that this document is not just a set of rules but the very essence of India’s identity as a nation.

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