Indian Constitution Day, also known as Samvidhan Divas, is celebrated on November 26th every year to commemorate the adoption of the Indian Constitution. This day honours
the significant event of November 26, 1949, when the Constituent Assembly of India formally adopted the Constitution, which later came into effect on January 26, 1950. This document not only established India as a
sovereign, socialist, secular, and democratic republic
but also laid the groundwork for its citizens' rights, duties, and responsibilities.
We have specially curated this guide which provides deeper insights into the origins, significance, and essence of Indian Constitution Day 2024 and understand why it is celebrated with such pride.
Constitution Day of India Overview
Indian Constitution Day, also known as
Samvidhan Divas,
is celebrated every
November 26
t
o commemorate the adoption of the Constitution of India in 1949. The day honours the efforts of the
Constituent Assembly and reminds citizens of the democratic values
glorified in the Constitution while ensuring justice, liberty, and equality for all.
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Constitution Day of India Overview
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Aspect
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Details
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Event Name
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Indian Constitution Day (Samvidhan Divas)
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Date Celebrated
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November 26
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Significance
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Commemorates the adoption of the Indian Constitution by the Constituent Assembly on November 26, 1949.
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First Celebrated
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November 26, 2015 (declared by the Government of India to honour Dr. B.R. Ambedkar’s 125th birth anniversary)
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Why It’s Celebrated
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To honour the formation of the Constitution and to spread awareness about constitutional values and the responsibilities of Indian citizens.
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Key Architect
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Dr. B.R. Ambedkar is often called the “Father of the Indian Constitution.”
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Drafting Duration
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Approximately 2 years, 11 months, and 18 days (1946–1949)
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Date Constitution Adopted
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November 26, 1949
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Date Constitution Enforced
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January 26, 1950, marking India’s Republic Day
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Core Values in the Constitution
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Justice, Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity
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Major Rights Highlighted
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Right to Equality, Right to Freedom, Right against Exploitation, Right to Freedom of Religion, Cultural and Educational Rights
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Why Indian Constitution Day is Celebrated
The primary purpose of Indian Constitution Day is to acknowledge and honour the legacy of the Constitution of India, which represents the aspirations and values of the nation. Such observance of Indian Constitution Day also reminds citizens of the importance of upholding constitutional values in daily life. The introductory reasons why Constitution Day is celebrated include:
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To honour the work of the Constituent Assembly
: The drafting committee which was led by
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
, meticulously worked through many drafts and discussions to create a Constitution that would uphold India’s integrity and unity.
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To raise awareness about the Indian Constitution
: Indian Constitution Day 2024 encourages citizens, to learn more
about the Indian Constitution
, its rights, principles, and the significance of being an informed and responsible citizen.
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To celebrate democracy
: The Constitution is the cornerstone of India’s democratic governance.
In 2015, the Government of India declared November 26th as Indian Constitution Day, honouring the 125th birth anniversary of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, who is widely regarded as the architect and father of the Indian Constitution.
When the Indian Constitution Was Adopted
The adoption of the Indian Constitution was a milestone event in India's journey towards independence and democracy. Here are key events that led to when the Indian constitution was adopted:
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When the Indian Constitution Was Adopted
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Date
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Event
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13 December 1946.
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Objective Resolution was moved by Jawaharlal Nehru
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22nd January 1947
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The Constituent Assembly of India passed the Objective Resolution
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November 26, 1949
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Adoption of the Constitution by the Constituent Assembly; celebrated as Indian Constitution Day.
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January 26, 1950
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Constitution officially came into effect, marking India as a republic; chosen to honour the Purna Swaraj Declaration of 1930.
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Drafting Process
The drafting of the Constitution was an exhaustive process that required the dedicated efforts of many visionaries including
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, Dr. Rajendra Prasad, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru,
and other esteemed members of the Constituent Assembly.
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The assembly was
constituted in 1946
and held 11 sessions over
two years, 11 months, and 18 days,
during which each clause was debated and examined extensively.
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As
Chairman
of
the
Drafting
Committee,
Dr. Ambedkar played a key role in structuring the document, which is why he is often referred to as the Father of the Indian Constitution.
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In total, the Constituent Assembly held 165 days of meetings, involving intense discussions and debates among over 300 members.
The Assembly’s diverse representation ensured that various perspectives were considered, ultimately leading to a balanced, inclusive, and comprehensive document.
Indian Constitution (A Unique Framework)
The Constitution of India is one of the longest-written constitutions in the world, comprising
a
Preamble,
470
Articles,
12
Schedules,
and
multiple
amendments.
Inspiration was drawn from several other constitutions worldwide, including those of the United States, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada, and Australia. However, the Constitution of India is uniquely tailored to address India’s social, cultural, and economic needs.
a. Fundamental Rights and Duties
The Constitution of India focuses on
Fundamental Rights
(Articles 12–35), which guarantee citizens basic rights such as the Right to Equality, Freedom, Protection against Exploitation, and Freedom of Religion. In 1976,
Fundamental Duties
were also incorporated, emphasizing responsibilities such as respecting the nation and preserving cultural heritage.
b. Federal Structure with a Unitary Bias
Indian Constitution has established a
federal system
, where powers are shared between the central and state governments, but it also has a
unitary tilt
. During times of emergency, for example, the central government has overriding powers, ensuring national unity.
c. Parliamentary System of Government
India adopted a
parliamentary system
of government based on the British model. This system ensures that the executive is accountable to the legislature, promoting transparency and governance responsiveness.
d. Secularism and Socialism
The Indian Constitution declares India a
secular
nation, which assures equal respect for all religions. It also promotes
socialism
, where the government aims to reduce economic inequalities and provide social welfare.
e. Independent Judiciary
The Indian Constitution ensures an
independent judiciary
, which protects the rights of citizens and acts as a check on the other branches of government. The Supreme Court of India has the power of
judicial review
, ensuring laws passed are in line with the Constitution.
Celebrations and Observances of Constitution Day of India 2024
Every year, Indian Constitution Day 2024 will be celebrated across India, while focusing on educational initiatives and public awareness programs. The government and educational institutions organize activities like:
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Reading the Preamble
: On Indian Constitution Day 2024, government officials and students read the Preamble of the Constitution, reaffirming their commitment to its values.
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Debates, Essays, and Quizzes
: Many schools and colleges organize quizzes, debates, and essay-writing competitions to encourage students to know more about the Indian Constitution.
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Seminars and Workshops
: The government conducts seminars and workshops discussing the Constitution’s history, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar's role, and contemporary constitutional law issues.
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar (The Father of the Indian Constitution)
Dr.
Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar
who is often referred to as the Father of the Indian Constitution, played a key role in drafting the Constitution. Ambedkar was a visionary leader and known for his focus on social justice and equality. He envisioned a Constitution that would operate as a tool for social transformation and upliftment of marginalized communities. His contributions are commemorated on Indian Constitution Day, as he is celebrated for his wisdom, insight, and dedication to shaping a just society.
Impact of Constitution Day of India on Society
Constitution Day of India
motivates citizens to take pride in the democratic values upheld by the Constitution. It serves as a reminder to exercise their rights responsibly and fulfill their duties toward the nation. In an era where knowledge of civic rights and duties is essential, Indian Constitution Day 2024 will play a significant role in cultivating a deeper understanding of constitutional values among the youth.
"Hamara Samvidhan, Hamara Samman" Campaign
On January 24, 2024, the Hon’ble Vice President of India launched the
"Hamara Samvidhan, Hamara Samman"
campaign at the Dr. B.R. Ambedkar International Centre in New Delhi. This year-long initiative seeks to deepen citizens' understanding of the Constitution, emphasizing its role in shaping India’s democratic framework and empowering citizens with knowledge of their legal rights and responsibilities.
Campaign Highlights
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Building Constitutional Awareness:
Simplifying and promoting constitutional principles like justice, equality, liberty, and fraternity through workshops, seminars, and regional events.
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Promoting Legal Rights & Responsibilities:
Educating citizens on their Fundamental Rights, duties, and avenues to seek justice, such as
Sabko Nyay and Har Ghar Nyay
, highlights legal support accessibility.
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Empowering Underserved Communities:
Through initiatives like
Vidhi Jagriti Abhiyaan
, the campaign reaches rural areas to raise awareness of legal entitlements and protections for marginalized communities.
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Citizen Engagement through Digital Platforms:
A dedicated online portal offers resources, quizzes, and discussion forums to encourage active participation and pledges to uphold constitutional values.
Towards a Developed India by 2047
Aligned with India’s vision of a
Viksit Bharat
, this campaign highlights the Constitution’s role in promoting an inclusive and prosperous nation. Complementary programs like
Nyaya Bandhu
and
DISHA's Tele-Law Programme
ensure marginalized citizens receive quality legal help, supporting the campaign’s holistic approach to justice. By engaging citizens through regional events and digital outreach, the campaign aspires to strengthen democratic participation and constitutional reverence across all sections of society.
Latest Updates on Constitution Day and Parliamentary Activities
The Government has convened an
All-Party Meeting
on
24th November 2024
at 11 A.M. in the Main Committee Room, Parliament House Annexe, New Delhi. Chaired by Union Minister of Parliamentary Affairs
Shri Kiren Rijiju
and presided over by
Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh
, the meeting aims to discuss priorities for the
Winter Session of Parliament
, scheduled from
25th November to 20th December 2024
, subject to government business.
Constitution Day Observance
To commemorate
Constitution Day
on
26th November 2024
, there will be
no sittings of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha
on the day. This characterises a gesture of reverence towards the nation’s foundational principles.
Conclusion
Indian Constitution Day 2024 is not just a ceremonial observance but it is a day to cherish the document that has enabled India’s growth as a democracy. From protecting individual freedoms to promoting social justice, the Indian Constitution has been the cornerstone of India's democratic journey. On this day, Indians come together to honour the founding fathers' legacy, particularly Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, and pledge their continued allegiance to the Constitution. As we celebrate Constitution Day of India 2024, let us remember that this document is not just a set of rules but the very essence of India’s identity as a nation.
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