Nobel Prize 2025 In Physiology Or Medicine Awarded To Three Laureates: All You Need To Know

Nobel Prize 2025: Fred Ramsdell, Shimon Sakaguchi, and Mary E. Brunkow received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2025 for their contributions to peripheral immune tolerance. They have done research work which shifted our understanding of the protective functions of the immune system and led to new forms of treatment for autoimmune diseases.

It was announced by the Nobel Committee of Sweden, which has its seat in the Karolinska Institute. The three scientists have all worked in the U.S.A. and Japan, and they made very important contributions to work in immune regulation and also to developing therapies which properly modulate immune responses in the body.

Mary E. Brunkow is employed in the biotech firm Sonoma Biotherapeutics in San Francisco, California; Fred Ramsdell is associated with Sonoma Biotherapeutics in San Francisco, California; and Shimon Sakaguchi works at Osaka University in Japan.

Nobel Prize 2025 Schedule

This year, the Nobel Prize for Medicine was the first award which was announced today. Announcements for the other fields, such as physics, chemistry, literature, peace and economic sciences, will follow in the next days. Each release arouses worldwide interest since it recognises exceptional work which has enriched human life and knowledge.

What is Nobel Prize?

The will was signed by Alfred Nobel, an industrialist and inventor of Sweden, on 27 November 1895, and by so doing, he donated most of his riches to set up a series of prizes for Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace. The awards that were later called Nobel Prizes were first granted in 1901 to those institutions or individuals whose accomplishments served mankind the most.

Over time, a sixth class, that of Economic Sciences, also emerged and was added to the list in honour of Alfred Nobel. The Nobel Peace Prize is distinguished from them in this respect, as it is awarded in Oslo, Norway, while the other ones are determined in Sweden. Indeed, the Nobel Prizes collectively epitomise the world’s most famous expression of appreciation for achievements in discovery, creativity, and humanitarian work.

Nobel Medicine Prize Highlights from the Past 25 Years

During the last 25 years, Nobel Prize in Medicine laureates have been those who discovered things that became the bases of modern science. From Arvid Carlsson in 2000 for his work on neurotransmission to Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman in 2023 for mRNA vaccine development, every award is a big achievement. Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun in 2024 were awarded for the discovery of microRNA regulation, while Svante Pääbo in 2022 was awarded for unravelling the genomes of extinct hominins.

Why It Matters for UPSC Aspirants

The Nobel Prizes represent more than a current affairs issue for all UPSC aspirants; they connect individuals and ethical issues to science and society, provide examples for use in GS Paper 3 and Paper 4, and deepen the understanding of development in an essay that demonstrates an awareness of people's contribution to global research and the advancement of humanity. Nobel Prizes often reflect the year’s most important discoveries or global contributions. Understanding how many types of Nobel Prizes exist and the difference between the Nobel Prize and the Nobel Peace Prize also helps in conceptual clarity and essay writing.