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S No.
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Unit
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Subtopics
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1
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Electrostatics
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Electric Charges: Coulomb's law, conservation principles.
Electric Field: Due to point charges, dipoles; flux, Gauss’s theorem.
Electric Potential: Due to charges, dipoles; capacitance.
Electric flux: Gauss’s theorem applications for finding fields due to various geometries.
Conductors and Insulators: Free and bound charges, dielectrics.
Capacitors: Capacitance, energy stored, Van de Graff generator.
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2
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Current Electricity
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Electric current: Flow of charges in conductors, Ohm’s law, resistance, V-I characteristics, energy, resistivity.
Resistors: Carbon resistors, color code, series/parallel combinations, temperature dependence.
Cells: Internal resistance, emf, series/parallel combinations.
Kirchhoff’s laws: Application, Wheatstone bridge, Meter Bridge.
Potentiometer: Principle, applications for potential difference and comparing cell emf/internal resistance.
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3
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Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism
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Magnetic Field: Oersted’s experiment, Biot-Savart law, Ampere’s law.
Forces: On moving charges, current-carrying conductors, between parallel conductors.
Torque: On current loop, moving coil galvanometer.
Magnetic Dipole: Magnetic moment, revolving electron.
Magnetic Field Intensity: Due to dipole, torque on dipole.
Earth’s Magnetism: Magnetic elements.
Magnetic Materials: Para-, dia-, ferromagnetic substances.
Magnets: Electromagnets, permanent magnets.
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4
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Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents
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Electromagnetic Induction: Faraday’s law, Lenz’s law, eddy currents.
Inductance: Self and mutual inductance.
Alternating Currents: Peak and RMS values, reactance, impedance, LC oscillations, resonance.
AC Circuits: Power, wattless current.
Devices: AC generator, transformer.
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5
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Electromagnetic Waves
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Displacement current.
Electromagnetic wave characteristics.
Transverse nature.
Electromagnetic spectrum.
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6
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Optics
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Light phenomena: Reflection, refraction, total internal reflection, dispersion.
Optical elements: Mirrors, lenses, prisms.
Scattering of light: Sky color, sunset/sunrise appearance.
Optical instruments: Eye, correction of defects, microscopes, telescopes.
Wave optics: Huygens’ Principle, laws of reflection and refraction, interference, diffraction.
Polarization: Brewster’s law, uses of plane polarized light.
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7
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Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation
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Photoelectric effect: Einstein's equation confirms light's particle nature.
Matter waves: de Broglie relation shows particles have wave-like properties.
Davisson-Germer experiment: Confirmed wave-like behavior of particles.
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8
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Atoms and Nuclei
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Atom models: Rutherford and Bohr models, hydrogen spectrum.
Nucleus: Composition, size, isotopes, isobars, isotones.
Radioactivity: Alpha, beta, gamma particles/rays, decay law.
Mass-energy relation: Mass defect, binding energy per nucleon.
Nuclear processes: Fission, fusion.
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9
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Electronic Devices
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Solid state energy bands: Conductors, insulators, semiconductors.
Semiconductor devices: Diodes (rectifier), LEDs, photodiodes, solar cells, Zener diodes (voltage regulator).
Junction transistors: Amplifier (common emitter), oscillator.
Logic gates: OR, AND, NOT, NAND, NOR.
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10
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Communication Systems
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Communication system components.
Signal bandwidth (speech, TV, digital data) and transmission medium bandwidth.
Electromagnetic wave propagation (atmosphere, sky, space).
Modulation necessity.
Production and detection of amplitude-modulated waves.
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