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Preamble of the Indian Constitution

The Preamble acts as the preface to the Indian Constitution. Understand its significance, key components, and the meanings of terms mentioned in the Preamble.
authorImageDeeksha Dixit12 Nov, 2024
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Preamble of Indian Constitution

The Preamble of the Indian Constitution holds a significant place as the introduction to the nation’s guiding principles and values. It essentially captures the summary or essence of the Constitution , outlining the objectives and aspirations of the constitutional makers

For UPSC aspirants, it is crucial to have a clear understanding of the Preamble, as it forms the foundation for answering questions related to polity and governance. Keep reading to learn the meaning of the Preamble, its components, and its importance.

Historical Background

The Constituent Assembly, chaired by Dr. Rajendra Prasad and guided by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, was tasked with drafting the Constitution of India. The Objective Resolution, moved by Jawaharlal Nehru on December 13, 1946, became the foundation for the Preamble of the Indian Constitution. The Preamble was adopted on November 26, 1949, along with the rest of the Constitution, but it officially came into effect on January 26, 1950. According to K.M. Munshi Preamble is the ‘ Political Horoscope of the Constitution ’ while constitutional expert N.A. Palkhivala called it the ‘Identity Card of the Constitution’ .

Text of the Preamble of the Indian Constitution

The text of the Preamble reads:
“ WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN, SOCIALIST, SECULAR , DEMOCRATIC, REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens: JUSTICE , social, economic, and political; LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith, and worship; EQUALITY of status and opportunity; and to promote among them all FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation; In our Constituent Assembly this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do hereby adopt, enact, and give to ourselves this Constitution.”
Each word in the Preamble holds deep meaning, establishing the intent and values on which the Indian nation stands.

Components of the Preamble of the Constitution

The Preamble highlights four key components: the source of authority, the nature of the Indian state, the objectives of the Constitution, and the date of its adoption. Source of Authority: The Preamble begins with the phrase "We, the people of India," which emphasizes that the Constitution derives its authority from the people of India. Nature of the Indian State: The Preamble defines the type of state India is. It describes India as a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic Republic. Objectives of the Constitution: The Preamble outlines the goals of the Constitution, which are meant to guide the governance of the country. These objectives are to ensure Justice, Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity. Date of Adoption: The Preamble concludes with the phrase "on this 26th day of November 1949," which marks the date when the Constitution was adopted. However, it came into force on January 26, 1950.

Meaning of the Key Terms in Preamble

To understand the Preamble of the Indian Constitution fully, it’s essential to comprehend the meanings of its main terms:
  • Sovereign : India is independent, free to make its own laws, without external influence. The sovereign meaning in Preamble implies India’s complete autonomy in internal and external matters.
  • Socialist: Reflecting equality, the term ensures a fair distribution of resources. Socialist meaning in Preamble aims for economic justice, reducing wealth inequality.
  • Secular: Secular meaning in Preamble state maintains neutrality towards all religions, giving citizens the freedom to practice their faith
  • Democratic: Emphasizes people’s power in choosing their government through free and fair elections. The democratic meaning in Preamble reinforces citizens’ participation in governance.
  • Republic : India’s head of state, the President, is elected and not a hereditary monarch. Republic meaning in Preamble stresses that India is a republic, not a monarchy.
These terms capture the vision the Constitution’s framers held for the nation.
UPSC Mains PYQ 2016: Discuss each adjective attached to the word ‘Republic’ in the ‘Preamble’. Are they defendable in the present circumstances? (200 words, 12.5 marks)

Judgments Related to the Preamble

The judiciary has delivered several landmark judgments that emphasize the Preamble's significance:

Is the Preamble a Part of the Constitution?

  • Berubari Case (1960): Initially, the Supreme Court ruled that the Preamble was not a part of the Constitution, serving only as an introduction.
  • Kesavananda Bharati Case (1973): The Supreme Court declared that the Preamble is a part of the Constitution and that its core values form the basic structure, making it unalterable even by amendment.
  • LIC of India Case (1995): The Court again affirmed that the Preamble is important for interpreting the Constitution, but it cannot be directly enforced by the courts as law.

Can the Preamble be Amended?

In the Kesavananda Bharati case, the Supreme Court ruled that the core principles expressed in the Preamble are part of the basic structure of the Constitution. This means that while the Preamble itself can undergo amendments, any changes that affect its fundamental values (such as justice, liberty, and equality) would not be allowed.

42nd Amendment (1976)

The 42nd Amendment (1976) of the Indian Constitution made significant changes to the Preamble , adding the words "Socialist" and "Secular" to reflect the government's commitment to economic equality and religious neutrality. It also changed "unity of the nation" to "unity and integrity of the nation" , emphasizing both national unity and integrity. These changes reinforced key constitutional values.

Significance of the Preamble

The Preamble serves as the guiding philosophy of the Constitution, setting the tone for the entire Constitution, and reflecting the ideals the nation aspires to uphold. Its significance is evident as it:
  • Reflects National Ideals: It embodies the fundamental principles of India’s statehood, including sovereignty, democracy, and republicanism, ensuring that the Constitution serves the people and the nation as a whole.
  • Commitment to Justice and Equality: The Preamble highlights India’s dedication to social, political, and economic justice, liberty, and fraternity, ensuring inclusive growth for all citizens.
  • Guides Interpretation : Courts use the Preamble to interpret constitutional provisions, especially when resolving conflicts related to fundamental rights and governance.
  • Moral Compass : While not legally enforceable, it offers ethical guidelines, focusing on the well-being of citizens and guiding the government in decision-making.
In short, the Preamble helps in understanding the spirit of the Indian Constitution, making it essential for both UPSC preparation and general understanding of India's constitutional philosophy. ?si=qis37Mp5n-rlWCQv To learn about the Indian constitution in detail for UPSC exams, enroll in PW UPSC Courses by Physics Wallah. Hurry up!
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Preamble FAQs

What is the Preamble of the Indian Constitution?

The Preamble is the introduction to the Indian Constitution, outlining the country's fundamental values and guiding principles.

When was the Preamble adopted?

The Preamble was adopted on 26th November 1949, along with the rest of the Indian Constitution.

Is the Preamble a part of the Constitution of India?

Yes, as affirmed by the Supreme Court in the Kesavananda Bharati and LIC of India case, the Preamble is an integral part of the Constitution.

Can the Preamble be Amended?

Yes, it can be amended, but changes must align with the basic structure of the Constitution.

What was added to the Preamble through the 42nd Amendment?

The 42nd Amendment added the terms “Socialist” and “Secular” and reinforced the integrity of the nation by revising “unity of the nation” to “unity and integrity of the nation.”
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