| GATE Instrumentation Engineering Section Wise Syllabus |
| Section 1: Engineering Mathematics |
| Linear Algebra |
- Matrix Algebra
- Systems of Linear Equations
- Consistency and Rank
- Eigen Values and Eigen Vectors
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| Calculus |
- Mean Value Theorems
- Maxima and Minima
- Theorems of Integral Calculus
- Partial Derivatives
- Multiple Integrals
- Gauss and Green’s Theorems
- Fourier Series and Vector Identities
- Line, Surface, and Volume Integrals
- Stokes
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| Differential Equations |
- First-Order Equations (Linear and Nonlinear)
- Second-Order Linear Differential Equations with Constant Coefficients
- Method of Variation of Parameters
- Cauchy’s and Euler’s Equations
- Initial and Boundary Value Problems
- Solution of Partial Differential Equations
- Variable Separable Method
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| Analysis of Complex Variables |
- Analytic Functions
- Cauchy’s Integral Theorem and Integral Formula
- Taylor’s and Laurent’s Series
- Residue Theorem
- Solution of Integrals
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| Probability and Statistics |
- Sampling Theorems
- Standard Deviation
- Conditional Probability
- Mean, Median, and Mode
- Random Variables
- Discrete and Continuous Distributions
- Normal, Poisson, and Binomial Distributions
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| Numerical Methods |
- Matrix Inversion
- Numerical Integration
- Solutions of Nonlinear Algebraic Equations
- Iterative Methods for Solving Differential Equations
- Regression and Correlation Analysis
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Section 2: Electricity and Magnetism
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- Coulomb's Law, Electric Field Intensity, Inductance, Electric Flux Density, Gauss's Law, Divergence, Electric Field and Potential Due to Point, Ampere’s Law, Line, Plane, and Spherical Charge Distributions, Effect of Dielectric Medium, Capacitance of Simple Configurations, Biot-Savart’s Law, Curl, Faraday’s Law, and Lorentz Force
- Magnetomotive Force, Magnetic Circuits, Reluctance, and Self and Mutual Inductance of Simple Configurations
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Section 3: Electrical Circuits and Machines
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| Voltage and Current Sources |
- Independent Sources
- Dependent Sources
- Ideal Sources
- Practical Sources
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| V-I Relationships and Transient Analysis |
- V-I Relationships of Resistor, Inductor, Mutual Inductance, and Capacitor
- RLC Circuits with DC Excitation: Transient Analysis
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| Circuit Analysis Techniques |
- Kirchhoff's Laws
- Mesh Analysis
- Nodal Analysis
- Superposition
- Thevenin's Theorem
- Norton's Theorem
- Maximum Power Transfer Theorem
- Reciprocity Theorem
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| AC Circuit Analysis |
- Average, Peak, and RMS Values of AC Quantities
- Apparent, Active, and Reactive Powers
- Phasor Analysis
- Impedance and Admittance
- Series and Parallel Resonance
- Locus Diagrams
- Basic Filter Realization Using R, L, and C Elements
- RLC Circuits with AC Excitation: Transient Analysis
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| Network Theory |
- One-Port and Two-Port Networks
- Driving Point Impedance and Admittance
- Open and Short Circuit Parameters
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| Transformers and Induction Motors |
- Single-Phase Transformer
- Equivalent Circuit
- Phasor Diagram
- Open Circuit and Short Circuit Tests
- Regulation and Efficiency
- Three-Phase Induction Motors
- Principle of Operation
- Types of Induction Motors
- Performance Characteristics
- Torque-Speed Characteristics
- No-Load and Blocked Rotor Tests
- Equivalent Circuit
- Starting and Speed Control
- Electric Machine Efficiency Calculations and Loss Types
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Section 4: Signals and Systems
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| Signals |
- Periodic Signals
- Aperiodic Signals
- Impulse Signals
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| Transforms |
- Laplace Transform
- Fourier Transform
- Z-Transform
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| Linear Time-Invariant Systems |
- Transfer Function
- Frequency Response of First and Second Order Linear Time-Invariant Systems
- Impulse Response of Systems
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| Convolution and Correlation |
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| Discrete-Time Systems |
- Impulse Response
- Frequency Response
- Pulse Transfer Function
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| DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform) and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) |
- IIR and FIR Filters
- Basics of Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) Filters
- Basics of Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filters
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Section 5: Control Systems
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| Design of Compensators |
- Lead Compensators
- Lag Compensators
- Lead-Lag Compensators
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| Control System Design Techniques |
- On-Off Controllers
- P Controllers
- PI Controllers
- PID Controllers
- Cascade Controllers
- Feedforward Controllers
- Ratio Controllers
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| Tuning of PID Controllers, Sizing of Control Valves, Feedback Principles, Signal Flow Graphs, Transient Response, Steady-State Errors, Bode Plot, Phase and Gain Margins, Routh and Nyquist Criteria, Root Loci |
| State-Space Representation of Systems, Time-Delay Systems, Mechanical, Hydraulic, and Pneumatic System Components, Synchro Pair, Servo and Stepper Motors, Servo Valves |
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Section 6: Analog Electronics
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| Applications of Op-Amps |
- Adder
- Subtractor
- Integrator
- Differentiator
- Difference Amplifier
- Instrumentation Amplifier
- Precision Rectifier
- Active Filters
- Oscillators
- Signal Generators
- Voltage-controlled oscillators
- Phase-locked loop
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| Diode |
- Characteristics of a Diode
- Applications of Diode
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| Zener Diode |
- Characteristics of the Zener Diode
- Applications of Zener Diodes
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| Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) |
- Characteristics of BJT
- Applications of BJT
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| Operational Amplifiers (Op-Amps) |
- Characteristics of Ideal Op-Amps
- Characteristics of Practical Op-Amps
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| Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET) |
- Characteristics of MOSFET
- Applications of MOSFET
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| Small Signal Analysis of Transistor Circuits, Feedback Amplifiers, and Sources and Effects of Noise and Interference in Electronic Circuits |
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Section 7: Digital Electronics
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- Basics of Data Acquisition Systems
- Basics of Distributed Control Systems (DCS)
- Basics of Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)
- Combinational Logic Circuits
- Minimization of Boolean Functions
- IC Families: TTL and CMOS
- Arithmetic Circuits
- Comparators
- Schmitt Trigger
- Multivibrators
- Sequential Circuits
- Flip-Flops
- Shift Registers
- Timers and Counters
- Sample-and-Hold Circuit
- Multiplexer
- Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADC)
- Integrating ADC
- Flash ADC
- Sigma-Delta ADC
- Weighted R DAC
- R-2R Ladder DAC
- Current Steering Logic DAC
- Characteristics of ADC and DAC
- Resolution
- Quantization
- Significant Bits
- Conversion/Settling Time
- Basics of Number Systems
- Embedded Systems
- Microprocessor Applications
- Microcontroller Applications
- Memory
- Input-Output Interfacing
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Section 8: Measurements
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- Q-Meter
- Voltage, Current, and Power Measurement in Single and Three Phase Circuits
- AC and DC Current Probes
- True RMS Meters
- Voltage and Current Scaling
- Instrument Transformers
- Timer/Counter
- Time, Phase, and Frequency Measurements
- Digital Voltmeter
- Digital Multimeter
- Oscilloscope
- Shielding and Grounding
- Systematic and Random Errors in Measurement
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| SI Units and Standards |
- R (Resistance)
- L (Inductance)
- C (Capacitance)
- Voltage
- Current
- Frequency
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| Expression of Uncertainty |
- Accuracy and Precision
- Propagation of Errors
- Linear and Weighted Regression
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| Measurement Bridges |
- Wheatstone Bridge
- Kelvin Bridge
- Megohm Bridge
- Maxwell Bridge
- Anderson Bridge
- Schering Bridge
- Wien Bridge
- Measurement of R, L, C, and Frequency
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Section 9: Communication and Optical Instrumentation
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| Analog Modulation and Demodulation |
- Amplitude Modulation (AM)
- Frequency Modulation (FM)
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| Digital Modulation Techniques |
- Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)
- Phase Shift Keying (PSK)
- Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
- Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)
- Pulse Shift Keying (PSK)
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| Optical Sources and Detectors |
- Light Emitting Diode (LED)
- Laser
- Photodiode
- Light Dependent Resistor (LDR)
- Square Law Detector
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- Interferometer and Its Applications in Metrology
- Basics of Fiber Optic Sensing
- UV-VIS Spectrophotometers
- Mass Spectrometer
- Shannon's Sampling Theorem
- Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)
- TDM (Time Division Multiplexing) and Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)
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Section 10: Sensors and Industrial Instrumentation
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- Resistive Sensors
- Capacitive Sensors
- Inductive Sensors
- Piezoelectric Sensors
- Hall Effect Sensors
- Conductivity Sensors
- Viscosity Sensors
- Displacement Sensors (Linear and Angular)
- 4-20 mA Two-Wire Transmitter
- Velocity Sensors
- Acceleration Sensors
- Force Sensors
- Torque Sensors
- Vibration Sensors
- Shock Sensors
- Pressure Sensors (Including Low Pressure)
- Flow Sensors (Variable Head, Variable Area, Electromagnetic, Ultrasonic, Turbine, and Open Channel Flow Meters)
- Temperature Sensors (Thermocouple, Bolometer, RTD (3/4 Wire), Thermistor, Pyrometer, and Semiconductor)
- Liquid Level Sensors
- pH Sensors
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