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Indian Constitution, Preamble, Features, Schedules, And Relevance

Indian Constitution: In this article you will find key aspects of Indian Constitution including its Preamble, notable features, diverse schedules, and enduring relevance.
authorImagePraveen Kushwah26 Jan, 2024
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Indian Constitution

Indian Constitution

Indian Constitution: The Indian Constitution is like a rulebook for how things work in India. It tells us about the main parts of the government: the people who make the laws (legislature), the people who enforce the laws (executive), and the people who ensure fairness in the laws (judiciary).

Establishment of the Indian Constitution

The Indian Constitution was made official on November 26, 1949, and it started working completely on January 26, 1950. Originally, it had 22 parts, 395 articles, and 8 schedules. Over time, there have been 105 changes, and now it has 12 schedules.

Key Features of the Indian Constitution

The Indian Constitution has some important features:

  • It gives us basic rights and guidelines.
  • Everyone, including leaders, must follow it.
  • It sets up a democratic, federal, and secular system.
  • It talks about the powers of the government parts.
  • It promises rights to every citizen, like equality, liberty, and justice.

Formation of the Indian Constitution Assembly

The Constituent Assembly was created to make the Constitution. It started on December 9, 1946. Dr. Sachchidananda Sinha was the first leader, but later, Dr. Rajendra Prasad became the leader.

Also Read: Republic Day 2024

Importance of Drafting Committee Under Indian Constitution

The Drafting Committee, led by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, was crucial. It was formed on August 29, 1947, and its job was to create a draft of the new Indian Constitution. The committee had seven members.

S.No Members
1 Dr. B.R. Ambedkar (Chairman)
2 N. Gopalaswamy Ayyangar
3 Alladi Krishnaswamy Ayyar
4 Dr. K.M. Munshi
5 Syed Mohammad Saadullah
6 N. Madhava Rau
7 T.T. Krishnamachari

Indian Constitution Articles, Chapters, and Amendments

The Constitution is divided into 22 parts dealing with different topics. It has articles, and over the years, there have been amendments to it.

Parts Subject Articles
I The Union and its territory 1 to 4
II Citizenship 5 to 11
III Fundamental Rights 12 to 35
IV Directive Principles of State Policy 36 to 51
V The Union Government 52 to 151
VI The State Governments 152 to 237
VII The States in Part B of the First Schedule (deleted) 238 (deleted)
VIII The Union Territories 239 to 242
IX The Panchayats 243 to 243–0
IX A The Municipalities 243-P to 243-ZG
IX B The Co-operative Societies 243-ZH to 243-ZT
X The Scheduled and Tribal Areas 244 to 244-A
XI Relations between the Union and the States 245 to 263
XII Finance, Property, Contracts, and Suits 264 to 300-A
XIII Trade, Commerce, and Intercourse within the Territory of India 301 to 307
XIV Services under the Union and the States 308 to 323
XIV A Tribunals 323-A to 323-B
XV Elections 324 to 329-A
XVI Special Provisions Relating to Certain Classes 330 to 342-A
XVII Official Language 343 to 351-A
XVIII Emergency Provisions 352 to 360
XIX Miscellaneous 361 to 367
XX Amendment of the Constitution 368
XXI Temporary, Transitional, and Special Provisions 369 to 392
XXII Short title, Commencement, Authoritative Text in Hindi, and Repeals 393 to 395

Also Read: Republic Day 2024 Interesting and Unknown Facts

Preamble of the Indian Constitution

The Preamble is like the introduction of the Constitution. It tells us about the Constitution's purpose. It was made official on November 26, 1949. Over time, three words - Socialist, Secular, and Integrity - were added to it.

Key Features of the Preamble

The Preamble has some key points:

  • It says the power in the Constitution comes from the people.
  • India is described as socialist, sovereign, democratic, secular, and a republic.
  • The goals are liberty, justice, equality, and fraternity.

Preamble of the Indian Constitution

Preamble Features
Authority Source It states that the Constitution derives its authority from the people of India.
Nature of Indian State It declares India to be of socialist, sovereign, democratic, secular, and republican polity.
Objectives of the Indian Constitution It specifies liberty, justice, equality, and fraternity as the objectives.

Salient Features of the Indian Constitution

Some special features of the Indian Constitution are:

  • It's the longest written Constitution.
  • It takes ideas from different places.
  • It's both rigid and flexible.
  • It mixes federal and unitary features.
Salient Features
Lengthiest Written Constitution Drawn From Various Sources
A blend of Rigidity and Flexibility Federal System with Unitary Bias
Parliamentary Form of Government Synthesis of Parliamentary Sovereignty and Judicial Supremacy

Federal Features of the Indian Constitution

India is a "Union of States," but the central government has more power than the states. It's like a mix of holding together and coming together federation systems.

Types of the Federation System in the Indian Constitution
Holding Together Federation The central government has more power than the states.
Coming Together Federation Independent states join together and share political powers equally without interference from the center.

Borrowed Features of the Indian Constitution

The Indian Constitution has borrowed ideas from other countries. For example, from the Government of India Act of 1935, British Constitution, US Constitution, and more.

List of Borrowed Features of the Indian Constitution
Government of India Act of 1935 Federal Scheme, Office of Governor, Judiciary, Emergency provisions, Administrative details, and more.
British Constitution Parliamentary government, Rule of Law, Legislative procedure, Single citizenship, Cabinet system, and more.

Schedules of the Indian Constitution

There are 12 schedules in the Constitution, each dealing with different things.

Constitutional Schedule Subject Matter
First Schedule Names of States and their territorial jurisdiction
Second Schedule Emoluments, allowances, and privileges of officials
Third Schedule Forms of Oaths or Affirmations for various positions
Fourth Schedule Allocation of seats in the Rajya Sabha to states and union territories
Fifth Schedule Provisions relating to the administration and control of scheduled areas and scheduled tribes
Sixth Schedule Provisions relating to the administration of tribal areas in the states of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram
Seventh Schedule Division of powers between the Union and the States in terms of List I (Union List), List II (State List), and List III (Concurrent List)
Eighth Schedule Languages recognized by the Constitution
Ninth Schedule Acts and Regulations dealing with land reforms and the abolition of the zamindari system
Tenth Schedule Provisions relating to disqualification of members of Parliament and State Legislatures on the ground of defection
Eleventh Schedule Specifies the powers, authority, and responsibilities of Panchayats
Twelfth Schedule Specifies the powers, authority, and responsibilities of Municipalities

This way, the Indian Constitution sets the rules for how India works and protects the rights of its citizens.

Indian Constitution FAQs

Who write the Constitution of India?

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, the head of the group that wrote the Constitution, is like the main planner of the Indian rulebook. This rulebook is like a big plan that helps run the country. It takes into account India's special mix of people with different backgrounds, traditions, and beliefs.

How many laws are there in Indian Constitution?

India has the lengthiest rulebook among countries – it's called the Constitution, and it's pretty big! It has 470 articles, 12 schedules, and 105 changes have been made to it. Oh, and it's made up of a whopping 117,369 words. Also, when it comes to personal laws, things can get a bit tangled because each religion follows its own set of rules.

Is there 470 articles in Indian Constitution?

The Indian Constitution is super long, with about 470 articles in 25 parts, 12 schedules, and 105 changes (as of October 2022). The Preamble is like the heart and soul of the constitution. Before, the Indian Constitution had 395 articles and 22 parts.

Who is the father of Indian Constitution?

Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar is called the father of the Indian Constitution. On August 29, 1947, a group called the Constituent Assembly created a special team to write down the rules of the Constitution. Dr. Ambedkar was the leader of this team, known as the Drafting Committee.

Who is called father of constitution?

Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar is called the father of the Indian Constitution. At that time, he was the Law Minister and presented the last version of the Constitution to the Constituent Assembly.
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