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CLAT (Common Law Admission Test) is an entrance exam for admission to undergraduate and postgraduate law programs at 26 National Law Universities (NLUs) in India.
Who conducts the CLAT exam?
The CLAT exam is conducted by a consortium of National Law Universities in India, which is responsible for organizing the exam and admissions.
What is the eligibility for CLAT?
For the undergraduate program (BA LLB), candidates must have completed their 10+2 with a minimum percentage
What subjects are covered in the CLAT exam?
The CLAT (Common Law Admission Test) exam covers five subjects: English Language, Current Affairs including General Knowledge, Legal Reasoning, Logical Reasoning, and Quantitative Techniques. The exam assesses comprehension and reasoning skills through passages and questions.
What is the exam duration?
The CLAT (Common Law Admission Test) exam is conducted in offline mode and has a duration of two hours for both undergraduate (UG) and postgraduate (PG) programs. The exam consists of 120 multiple-choice questions designed to assess a candidate's aptitude for law.
What is CLAT Exam? A Detailed Guide For Beginners, Exam Pattern
CLAT Exam is a national-level entrance exam for admission to UG & PG law programs in India’s top National Law Universities (NLUs). Continue reading to learn more about various aspects of CLAT exam.
Swati Kumar29 Mar, 2025
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What is CLAT Exam: The CLAT (Common Law Admission Test) is a national-level entrance exam conducted for admission to undergraduate and postgraduate law programs in top law schools, including National Law Universities (NLUs) in India. In India there are a total of 26 NLUs that accept CLAT scorecards. It evaluates candidates on skills such as legal reasoning, logical reasoning, English comprehension, current affairs, and quantitative techniques. CLAT is highly competitive and serves as a gateway to prestigious legal education and career opportunities in India.
The CLAT Exam is a highly competitive entrance exam for admission to undergraduate and postgraduate law programs across 26 National Law Universities (NLUs) and top law schools in India. Conducted annually, CLAT serves as the primary selection criterion for law aspirants seeking admission to top-tier legal institutions. With its rigorous format, CLAT plays a crucial role in shaping the careers of future lawyers in India.
The following table mentions details of the important aspects of the CLAT Exam.
Aspect
Details
Exam Name
Common Law Admission Test (CLAT)
Conducting Body
Consortium of NLUs (National Law Universities)
Frequency
Once a year
Exam Level
National
Mode of Exam
Offline (Pen and paper-based)
Duration
2 hours
Exam Purpose
Admission to undergraduate and postgraduate law programs at NLUs
CLAT Eligibility
UG: 10+2 or equivalent with 45% (40% for SC/ST)
CLAT Age Limit
UG: No upper age limit
Total Questions
UG: 120 MCQs
Sections
UG: English, Current Affairs, Legal Reasoning, Logical Reasoning, Quantitative Techniques
CLAT Marking Scheme
+1 for correct answer, -0.25 for wrong answer
CLAT Exam Date
First Week of December 2025 (Expected)
Application Period
From July 2025 to October 2025 (Expected)
CLAT Registration Fee
INR 4,000 - Gen
INR 3,500 - SC, ST, PwD, and BPL
CLAT Admit Card Release
Second Week of November 2025 (Expected)
CLAT Result Declaration
Around one week after exam date
CLAT Counselling Start
Within a few days after result
Participating Colleges/Universities
26 NLUs, 42 Affiliated Universities
History of CLAT Exam
The Common Law Admission Test (CLAT) was established to streamline the admission process for National Law Universities (NLUs) in India. Before CLAT, each NLU conducted its own entrance exam, creating a stressful and expensive situation for students who had to prepare for multiple tests
Here’s a brief history of the CLAT Exam.
The first NLU in India, the National Law School of India University (NLSIU), was established in Bangalore in 1987.
By the early 2000s, the need for a centralized admission test became apparent to reduce the burden on students. In 2006, the Supreme Court of India recognized the need for a unified entrance test for all NLUs.
The first CLAT exam was conducted in 2008, organized by NLSIU Bangalore. Seven NLUs participated in CLAT 2008: NLSIU Bangalore, NALSAR Hyderabad, NLIU Bhopal, WBNUJS Kolkata, NLU Jodhpur, HNLU Raipur, and GNLU Gandhinagar.
Over the years, the number of participating universities has increased, and in 2018, a permanent body called the CLAT Consortium was established to oversee the exam.
NLU Delhi and NLU Meghalaya do not participate in CLAT and conduct their own entrance tests, AILET and MEG UAT, respectively.
Purpose of CLAT Exam
The purpose of the CLAT exam is to provide a fair and standardized process for admission to undergraduate and postgraduate law programs in India’s top National Law Universities. It plays a crucial role in selecting candidates based on merit, ensuring access to quality legal education and shaping the future of the legal profession in the country.
Admission to NLUs: The primary purpose of CLAT is to provide admission to undergraduate (BA LLB) and postgraduate (LLM) law programs in 22 National Law Universities (NLUs) across India.
Standardized Evaluation: It serves as a standardized platform to assess candidates' aptitude in various areas such as legal reasoning, general knowledge, and language skills.
Merit-Based Selection: The exam ensures merit-based selection, offering equal opportunities to all law aspirants regardless of their background.
Entry into Prestigious Institutions: CLAT acts as the gateway for students aspiring to study law in some of India’s most prestigious legal institutions, thereby shaping future legal professionals.
Unified Process: It simplifies the law admission process by providing a common entrance test for multiple law universities, reducing the need for separate exams.
CLAT Exam Eligibility Criteria
The CLAT Exam Eligibility Criteria outline the qualifications and requirements that candidates must meet to be eligible for the exam. These criteria include age limits, educational qualifications, and minimum marks in the qualifying exams. The following table gives the details of the CLAT exam’s eligibility criteria.
Particulars
Eligibility Criteria
Nationality
Students of India/ NRI/ PIO/ OCI are eligible to apply for CLAT
CLAT Age Limit
There is no lower or upper age limit
Educational Qualification for CLAT UG
Passed 12th class exam with a minimum of 45% aggregate marks (40% for reserved category)
Number of Attempts
No limit
CLAT Exam Pattern
The CLAT exam pattern outlines the structure and format of the entrance test, including the types of questions, duration, and marking scheme. It consists of multiple-choice questions covering subjects like English, General Knowledge, Legal Reasoning, Logical Reasoning, and Quantitative Aptitude. The exam is designed to assess candidates' overall analytical and problem-solving skills, crucial for a successful legal career.
Particulars
Details
Mode of Exam
Offline (Pen and paper-based)
Exam Duration
2 hours (120 minutes)
CLAT UG Subjects
5 Sections: English Language, Current Affairs, including General Knowledge, Legal Reasoning, Logical Reasoning, Quantitative Techniques
Question Paper Language
English
Type of Questions
Multiple-choice Questions (MCQs)
Total Marks
120
Marking Scheme
+1 marks for every correct answer
-0.25 marks for every wrong answer
CLAT Exam Syllabus
The CLAT (Common Law Admission Test) syllabus is divided into five key sections: English Language, Current Affairs including General Knowledge, Legal Reasoning, Logical Reasoning, and Quantitative Techniques. The CLAT exam includes 120 multiple-choice questions to be completed in 120 minutes. Each correct answer earns +1 mark, while each incorrect answer incurs a negative marking of -0.25.
The following table includes the details of the CLAT Exam’s syllabus.
Section
Key Topics
English Language
Passage Comprehension, Vocabulary, Synonyms, Antonyms, English Grammar, Tenses, Parts of Speech, Literary Devices
Current Affairs, including GK
Constitution, International Relations, Indian Economy, History, Art & Culture, Current Events
Legal Reasoning
Fact situations or scenarios involving legal matters, public policy questions, or moral philosophical inquiries, Constitution, Contract Law, Tort Law, Criminal Laws, Family Law
Passage/Graphs/Other Representations Required Knowledge, Data Interpretation, Percentage, Profit & Loss, Time & Work, Mensuration, Probability
CLAT Exam Marks Distribution
The CLAT exam marks distribution outlines how points are allocated across different sections of the test. The exam consists of multiple-choice questions, with each correct answer earning one mark, while incorrect answers result in a penalty of 0.25 marks. This system ensures that candidates are rewarded for accuracy while discouraging random guessing.
Subject
Number of Questions
Weightage
English Language
22-26 questions
20%
Current Affairs, including General Knowledge
28-32 questions
25%
Legal Reasoning
28-32 questions
25%
Logical Reasoning
22-26 questions
20%
Quantitative Techniques
10-14 questions
10%
List of National Law Universities (NLUs)
National Law Universities (NLUs) are premier law institutions in India that offer undergraduate and postgraduate programs. There are 26 NLUs in India that accept CLAT scorecards for admission to law courses. NLU Delhi conducts its own entrance exam, AILET, for admission.
Sr. No.
Full Name of NLU
City/State
1
National Law School of India University
Bengaluru
2
NALSAR University of Law
Hyderabad
3
National Law Institute University
Bhopal
4
West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences
Kolkata
5
National Law University, Jodhpur
Jodhpur
6
Hidayatullah National Law University
Raipur
7
Gujarat National Law University
Gandhinagar
8
Gujarat National Law University, Silvassa Campus
Silvassa
9
Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya National Law University
Lucknow
10
Rajiv Gandhi National University of Law
Punjab
11
Chanakya National Law University
Patna
12
National University of Advanced Legal Studies
Kochi
13
National Law University Odisha
Odisha
14
National University of Study and Research in Law
Ranchi
15
National Law University and Judicial Academy, Assam
Assam
16
Damodaram Sanjivayya National Law University
Visakhapatnam
17
Tamil Nadu National Law University
Tiruchirappalli
18
Maharashtra National Law University, Mumbai
Mumbai
19
Maharashtra National Law University, Nagpur
Nagpur
20
Maharashtra National Law University, Aurangabad
Aurangabad
21
Himachal Pradesh National Law University
Shimla
22
Dharmashastra National Law University
Jabalpur
23
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar National Law University
Haryana
24
National Law University, Tripura
Agartala
25
Dr. Rajendra Prasad National Law University (RPNLU)
Prayagraj
26
India International University of Legal Education and Research (IIULER)
Goa
List of CLAT-Affiliated Colleges
In addition to the National Law Universities (NLUs), many other law schools in India use CLAT scores for admissions. These affiliated colleges offer various law programs, including BA LLB, BBA LLB, and LLM. CLAT Exam is a prominent law entrance exam that assesses a candidate’s aptitude for law, and many prestigious law colleges consider CLAT scores for student admissions.
Sr. No.
University Name
City/State
1
Dr. Rajendra Prasad National Law University
Prayagraj, U.P.
2
Alliance University
Bengaluru, Karnataka
3
Apeejay Stya University
Gurgaon, Haryana
4
Arka Jain University
Jharkhand
5
ASBM University
Bhubaneswar, Odisha
6
Asian Law College
Noida, Uttar Pradesh
7
BITS Law School
Pilani, Rajasthan
8
BML Munjal University
Gurgaon, Haryana
9
D.Y. Patil Deemed to be University
Maharashtra
10
Fairfield-School of Law
Kapashera, New Delhi
11
Galgotias University
Greater Noida, U.P.
12
GD Goenka University
Gurgaon, Haryana
13
GITAM Deemed to be University
Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
14
GLS University
Ahmedabad, Gujarat
15
Gopal Narayan Singh University
Sasaram, Bihar
16
Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University
New Delhi
17
IMS Unison University
Dehradun, Uttarakhand
18
Indian Institute of Management Rohtak
Rohtak, Haryana
19
Indore Institute of Law
Indore, Madhya Pradesh
20
Institute of Law, Nirma University
Ahmedabad, Gujarat
21
ISBR College
Bangalore, Karnataka
22
ITM University Raipur
Raipur, Chhattisgarh
23
Jagran Lakecity University
Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh
24
JECRC University
Jaipur, Rajasthan
25
Lloyd Law College
Greater Noida, U.P.
26
Mahatma Jyoti Rao Phoole University
Jaipur, Rajasthan
27
Mahindra University
Hyderabad, Telangana
28
Mody University of Science and Technology
Laxmangarh, Rajasthan
29
National Forensic Sciences University
Gandhinagar, Gujarat
30
NIMT College of Law
Greater Noida, U.P.
31
Quantum University
Roorkee, Uttarakhand
32
Raffles University, Neemrana
Rajasthan
33
RV University
Bangalore, Karnataka
34
Sai University
Chennai, Tamil Nadu
35
School of Law and Governance, Bharatiya Engineering Science and Technology Innovation University
Andhra Pradesh
36
Shri Vaishnav Vidyapeeth Vishwavidyalaya
Indore, M.P.
37
SRM University
Chennai, Tamil Nadu
38
SVKM’s Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies
Mumbai, Maharashtra
39
The ICFAI University
Raipur, Chhattisgarh
40
University of Petroleum and Energy Studies
Dehradun, Uttarakhand
41
Uttaranchal University
Dehradun, Uttarakhand
42
VMLS Chennai
Chennai, Tamil Nadu
UG Courses at NLUs
The National Law Universities (NLUs) offer various undergraduate (UG) law courses, primarily as five-year integrated degrees. These courses aim to provide a strong foundation in both legal and non-legal subjects.
Here are some of the UG courses offered at NLUs:
BA LLB: Many NLUs, including TNNLU, offer the BA LLB (Hons) program. This program combines humanities subjects with law courses.
BCom LLB: Some NLUs offer the BCom LLB (Hons) program. This program combines commerce subjects with law courses.
BBA LLB: NLUs such as GNLU Gandhinagar offer the BBA LLB. This program combines business administration subjects with law courses.
BSc LLB: Some NLUs provide the BSc LLB. This program combines science subjects with law courses.
LLB: NLSIU Bangalore offers a three-year LLB course. This program is a postgraduate degree for students who already have a bachelor's degree.
Registration Process for CLAT Exam
The registration process for the CLAT exam involves an online application through the official CLAT website. Candidates need to provide personal, academic details, upload necessary documents, and pay the application fee to complete their registration
Visit the Official Website: Go to the Consortium of NLUs' official website at consortiumofnlus.ac.in.
Registration: Click the 'Register' button. Enter your name, mobile number, and email address, then create a password. Verify the OTP sent to your registered mobile number to complete the registration.
Fill Out the Application Form: Log in with your credentials and provide your personal, academic, and contact information. Select your preferred test centers.
Upload Documents: Upload the required documents, such as a passport-sized photograph, signature, and category certificate (if applicable), in the specified format. Ensure all documents/certificates are uploaded in PDF format.
Select NLU Preferences: Choose the order of your preferred NLUs.
Pay the Application Fee: Pay the registration fees online using a debit/credit card, net banking, or UPI. The application fee is non-refundable.
Submit the Form: Review your application to ensure all information is correct, then submit the form.
Download Confirmation Page: After successful submission, save the confirmation page for future reference.
Preparation Tips for CLAT Exam
Here are some preparation tips for the CLAT exam.
Familiarize yourself with the complete syllabus, focusing on key areas like English, Legal Reasoning, Logical Reasoning, General Knowledge, and Quantitative Aptitude.
Develop a structured study schedule to cover all topics and allow time for revision, ensuring balanced preparation for each section.
Solve previous years’ question papers and take mock tests to get a feel for the exam pattern, time management, and question types.
Stay updated with current affairs by reading newspapers, magazines, and journals. This helps in enhancing your general knowledge and legal aptitude.
CLAT has negative marking, so focus on accuracy rather than attempting all questions. Practice enough to minimize errors.
CLAT Exam Study Materials By PW
PW provides quality study material for the CLAT Exam. The study material includes topic-wise notes, sample papers, books, and free lectures to simplify complex topics for the exam.
Study Materials
Respective Links
CLAT Complete Module Set of 30 for CLAT and OLETs Exam 2025 Latest Edition with CLAT PYQ Book
