Mnemonics for Genetics and Evolution in NEET Exam, Simple and Useful Tricks

Some Mnemonics for Genetics in NEET

Mendel’s Laws

Gregor Mendel’s principles form the foundation of classical genetics. Mnemonics can help students remember these laws:

Law of Segregation:

Mnemonic: "AMIGO"

• • Alleles Move Independently, Generating Offspring.

  • Explanation: This law states that alleles segregate during gamete formation, ensuring each gamete carries only one allele for a trait.

Law of Independent Assortment:

Mnemonic: "PALM"

• • Punnett’s Assortment Leads to More Variation.

  • Explanation: This law highlights that alleles of different genes assort independently during gamete formation, increasing genetic diversity.

Inheritance Patterns

Understanding inheritance patterns is vital for solving genetic problems. These mnemonics simplify key concepts:

Dominance and Recessiveness:

Mnemonic: "DFHT"

• • Dominant Factors Hide the Trait.

  • Explanation: Dominant alleles mask recessive alleles in heterozygous conditions.

Incomplete Dominance:

Mnemonic: "BLEND"

• • Blend of traits – Neither dominant nor recessive.

Explanation: In incomplete dominance, the phenotype is an intermediate between two parental traits (e.g., pink flowers in snapdragons).

Co-dominance:

Mnemonic: "SPOT"

• Spots show both phenotypes on top.

• Explanation: Co-dominance occurs when both alleles are expressed simultaneously (e.g., AB blood group).

Blood Groups

The ABO blood group system is governed by multiple alleles:

Mnemonic: "ABC – Alleles with Blood Compatibility"

• Explanation: The three alleles involved are IA (A blood group), IB (B blood group), and i (O blood group). IA and IB are co-dominant, while i is recessive.

Sex Determination

Mnemonic: "XY and ZW – Chromosomes Dictate Gender View"

• Explanation: In humans, sex determination follows the XY system, while birds use the ZW system.

Mnemonics for Evolution in NEET

Evolution is full of complex stages and species. Using mnemonics can simplify remembering the order of evolution in animals. Here are some mnemonics below to help you:

Human Evolution Timeline

Human evolution involves a chronological sequence of ancestors:

Mnemonic: "DR AHEN id Cardio Surgeon"

• Dryopithecus → Ramapithecus → Australopithecus → Homo habilis → Homo erectus → Neanderthals → Cro-Magnon → Homo sapiens.

Horse Evolution

Mnemonic: "Energy Of Mass Means Potential Energy"

• Eohippus → Mesohippus → Merychippus → Pliohippus → Equus.

Explanation: This mnemonic represents the evolutionary stages from a small ancestor (Eohippus) to the modern horse (Equus), showcasing gradual changes in size and limb structure.

Types of Evolution

1. Divergent Evolution:
   Mnemonic: "Same Origin, Different Paths."

• Example: Homologous structures like whale flippers and human arms indicate common ancestry but different functions.

2. Convergent Evolution:
   Mnemonic: "Different Origin, Same Function."

• Example: Analogous structures like the wings of bats and insects indicate different evolutionary origins but similar functions.

Key Experiments in Evolution

Miller-Urey Experiment:
Mnemonic: "CH4 + NH3 + H2 + H2O + Sparks = Life’s Start."

• Explanation: This experiment simulated early Earth conditions to demonstrate the synthesis of organic molecules from inorganic precursors.

Hardy-Weinberg Principle:
Mnemonic: "No Migrants, Mutations, Mating, or Natural Selection."

• Explanation: The principle states that allele frequencies remain constant in a population under specific conditions (no migration, mutation, random mating, large population size, and no selection).

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