Packaging of DNA, Overview, Definition, Role, and Importance

Packaging of DNA refers to the method by which long DNA molecules are organized and condensed into compact structures to fit inside the cell’s nucleus. DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, holds the genetic information required for the development, functioning, and reproduction of living organisms. Given the immense length of DNA molecules, especially in eukaryotic cells, they must be efficiently packaged to fit inside the tiny nucleus of a cell.

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Packaging of DNA

Role of Nucleosomes in DNA Packaging

Importance of DNA Packaging

• Gene Regulation: DNA packaging controls gene expression by determining how accessible DNA is for transcription, allowing cells to turn genes on or off in response to signals.
• DNA Protection: Compacting DNA into chromatin protects it from damage and ensures its stability and accurate transmission during cell division.
• Cell Division: Proper packaging of DNA into chromosomes ensures accurate segregation of genetic material during cell division.
• Space Management: DNA packaging helps fit large amounts of DNA into the limited space of the nucleus, enabling efficient cell function.
• Evolution: Changes in DNA packaging can alter gene expression, contributing to evolutionary adaptations and the formation of new species.

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MCQs of Packaging of DNA

Q1. How many nucleosomes are present in a human cell

1. 3.3 × 107 nucleosome
2. 1.1 × 107 nucleosome
3. 6.6 × 107 nucleosome
4. Indefinite

Q2. Identify the correct order of organisation of genetic material from largest to smallest; (2015 Re)

1. Genome, chromosome, nucleotide, gene
2. Genome, chromosome, gene, nucleotide
3. Chromosome, genome, nucleotide, gene
4. Chromosome, gene, genome, nucleotide

Q3. The length of DNA double helix in a typical mammalian cell is calculated by;

1. Dividing total no. of bp with distance between two consecutive bp.
2. Adding total no. of bp with distance between two consecutive bp.
3. Multiplying the total no. of bp with the distance between two consecutive bp.
4. All of the above.

Answers of MCQs of Packaging of DNA