CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 1 Chemical Reaction and Equation

CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 1 : As you gear up for your Class 10 Science board exams, it is only natural to feel overwhelmed looking at the vast syllabus that you need to cover and retain. With numerous complex concepts to memorize in Biology, Physics and Chemistry, it is easy to fall behind or feel lost.

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CBSE Class 10 Notes

CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 1 Chemical Reaction and Equation Notes

Chemical Reactions and Equations

1. Introduction:

• A chemical reaction involves the transformation of one or more substances into new substances.
• The substances before the reaction are called reactants, and the substances formed after the reaction are called products.

• A chemical equation is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction.
• Reactants are written on the left side, and products are written on the right side of the arrow.
• Example: 2H2​+O2​→2H2​O

• The number of atoms of each element must be the same on both sides of the equation.
• Coefficients are used to balance equations, but subscripts cannot be changed.
• Example: CH4​+2O2​→CO2​+2H2​O

• Combination Reactions:
  • Two or more substances combine to form a new substance.
  • Example: A + B → AB
• Decomposition Reactions:
  • A single substance breaks down into two or more simpler substances.
  • Example: AB → A + B
• Displacement Reactions:
  • One element is replaced by another element in a compound.
  • Example: A + BC → AC + B
• Redox Reactions:
  • Involves both oxidation (loss of electrons) and reduction (gain of electrons).
  • Example: Zn+2HCl→ZnCl2​+H2​​
• Double Displacement Reactions:
  • Exchange of ions between two compounds.
  • Example: AB + CD → AD + CB

• Evolution of Gas:
  • Production of gas during a reaction.
  • Example: Zn+2HCl→ZnCl2​+H2​
• Formation of Precipitate:
  • Insoluble solid formed during a reaction.
  • Example: AgNO3​+NaCl→AgCl+NaNO3​​
• Change in Colour:
  • Change in the color of substances involved.
  • Example: FeSO4​+H2​S→FeS+H2​SO4​
• Change in Temperature:
  • Absorption or release of heat.
  • Example: H2​O+CaO→Ca(OH)2​+Heat

• Stoichiometry involves the calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions.
• The mole concept is used for these calculations.

• Combination Reactions:
  • Involve the joining of two or more substances to form a new compound.
  • General form: A + B → AB
  • Example: 2Na+Cl2​→2NaCl
• Decomposition Reactions:
  • Involve the breakdown of a compound into simpler substances.
  • General form: AB → A + B
  • Example: 2H2​O2​→2H2​O+O2​
• Displacement Reactions:
  • Occur when one element displaces another from a compound.
  • General form: A + BC → AC + B
  • Example: Zn + CuSO 4​→ ZnSO 4​+ Cu
• Redox Reactions:
  • Involve simultaneous oxidation and reduction reactions.
  • Example: 2Mg+O2​→2MgO
• Double Displacement Reactions:
  • Involve the exchange of ions between two compounds.
  • General form: AB + CD → AD + CB
  • Example: NaCl+AgNO3​→AgCl+NaNO3​

• Start by balancing the most complex molecules and then the simpler ones.
• Use coefficients to balance the number of atoms on both sides.
• Ensure that the same number of each type of atom is present on both sides.

• Understanding chemical reactions is crucial in various industries, such as the production of fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, and food processing.
• Environmental processes, like the breakdown of pollutants, are also governed by chemical reactions.

• Stoichiometry helps in determining the quantity of reactants and products in a chemical reaction.
• It is essential for designing efficient industrial processes.

• Photosynthesis:
  • 6CO2​+6H2​O+Light→C6​H12​O6​+6O2​

• The process by which plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose using sunlight.

• Respiration:
  • C6​H12​O6​+6O2​→6CO2​+6H2​O
  • The reverse process of photosynthesis, occurring in cells to release energy.
• Rusting of Iron:
  • 4Fe+3O2​+6H2​O→4Fe(OH)3​
  • Iron reacts with oxygen and water to form hydrated iron(III) oxide, commonly known as rust.

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CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 1 PDF Download

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CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 1 Important Questions

How To Prepare for CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 1?

• Familiarize yourself with the chapter's syllabus to know what topics and subtopics are covered.

• Start by thoroughly reading the NCERT textbook for Chapter 1. Pay close attention to definitions, examples, and explanations provided.

• Create concise, chapter-wise notes. Highlight key concepts, formulas, and reactions. Summarize information to make it easy to review.

• Practice writing and balancing chemical equations. This is a fundamental skill in this chapter.

• Work on numerical problems related to stoichiometry. Understand how to calculate the quantities of reactants and products.

• Explore real-life examples and applications mentioned in the chapter. Relate theoretical concepts to practical scenarios.

• Use mind maps to visually organize information. Connect related concepts to reinforce your understanding.

• Explore online resources, educational websites, and videos to gain additional insights into complex topics.

• Engage in group study sessions with classmates. Discussing concepts with peers can provide different perspectives and enhance understanding.

• Practice solving sample papers and previous years' question papers. This will familiarize you with the exam pattern and help manage time during the actual exam.
• If you have doubts or find certain topics challenging, seek clarification from your teacher or classmates. Understanding the basics is crucial for building advanced knowledge.

• Regularly revise the chapter to reinforce concepts. Use your chapter-wise notes and key points for quick reviews.

• If there are extra classes or tutorials available, consider attending them for additional guidance and clarification.

• Create flashcards for important formulas, reactions, and definitions. Review them frequently for quick recall.

• Consistency is key. Allocate regular time to study Chapter 1, and avoid last-minute cramming.

• Practice managing your time during exams. Ensure you can answer all types of questions within the stipulated time.
• Maintain a positive attitude. Believe in your ability to understand and apply the concepts.