Diphtheria: Types, Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

If you are looking for Diphtheria, you have come to the right place!

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Introduction

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Background

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Types of Diphtheria

• Classical respiratory diphtheria: A painful throat, a low-grade fever, and a membrane covering the tonsils, pharynx, or nose are the symptoms of respiratory diphtheria. In cases of severe disease, neck oedema is typically evident. Diphtheria respiratory can cause mortality, heart failure, blood abnormalities, paralysis, coma, and severe breathing issues.

• Cutaneous diphtheria: Any chronic skin lesion may host C. diphtheria and other organisms. Cutaneous diphtheria may manifest as a scaling rash or ulcers with clearly defined margins and membranes. Cutaneous diphtheria with toxigenic strains seems to have fewer systemic effects than other places.

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Symptoms of Diphtheria

• Fever and chills
• Sore throat
• Runny nose
• Fatigue and feeling weak
• Wheezing and difficulty breathing
• Hoarseness and difficulty talking
• Racing heart (tachycardia)
• Nausea and vomiting (more common in children)

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Causes of Diphtheria

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Diagnosis of Diphtheria

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Complications of Diphtheria

• Heart Damage: The diphtheria toxin has the potential to circulate throughout the body and harm various tissues. For instance, it may harm the heart muscle, resulting in consequences such as heart muscle inflammation (myocarditis). Myocarditis may cause severe or minor heart damage. Myocarditis can, at its worst, cause heart failure and unexpected death.
• Breathing Problems: A toxin may be produced by bacteria that cause diphtheria. This toxin causes tissue damage in the infection's immediate vicinity, typically the nose and throat. An unyielding, grey membrane composed of bacteria, dead cells, and other elements develops at that location due to the infection. This membrane may restrict breathing.
• Nerve Damage: Additionally, the poison may harm nerves. Nerves in the throat are frequently the focus because impaired neural conduction can make swallowing challenging. Muscle weakness can also be brought on by irritated nerves that supply the arms and legs.

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Treatment of Diphtheria

• White blood cell analyses via blood testing (leukocytes)
• EKG for heart evaluation
• Neck soft tissue ultrasonography to detect swelling
• Using blood testing to assess heart health
• Tests for kidney function
• Testing urine (urinalysis)
• Depending on a person's symptoms and other health issues, additional testing or monitoring

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Risk Factors for Diphtheria

• Are not current with their vaccinations
• Travel to a nation that doesn't offer vaccines
• Having a disease of the immunological system, such as AIDS
• Live in cramped or filthy conditions.

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