NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 6 PDF Download
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 6 on Evolution provide detailed explanations of important concepts such as natural selection, adaptive radiation, and fossil evidence. These solutions help students deepen their understanding and effectively prepare for exams.
Ananya Gupta30 Dec, 2024
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NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 6: NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 6 Evolution explains how life on Earth began and changed over time. This chapter discusses important topics like the origin of life, different theories of evolution, and the evidence that supports these ideas.
It also explains processes like natural selection, genetic drift, and how new species are formed. These solutions are written in a simple way to help students understand the concepts better. By practicing these, students can prepare well for their board exams and entrance tests like NEET.NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 6 Overview
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 6 Evolution explain the gradual development of life forms on Earth from simple to complex organisms. Evolution describes how living organisms have changed over time due to processes like natural selection, genetic variation, and environmental changes. The chapter discusses key concepts such as the origin of life, Darwin’s theory of natural selection, adaptive radiation, and the formation of new species. These solutions simplify these ideas, helping students understand how life evolved and adapted over billions of years.NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 6 PDF
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 6 Evolution provide detailed explanations and answers to all the questions in the textbook helping students understand the concepts thoroughly. To access the detailed solutions, download the PDF from the link provided below.NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 6 PDF
Here is the NCERT Solution for Class 12 Biology Chapter 6 Evolution: Chapter 6 of Class 12 Biology focuses on the concept of evolution, the process by which species change over time. The chapter discusses various theories, evidence, and mechanisms that explain how life on Earth has evolved over millions of years. 1. Explain antibiotic resistance observed in bacteria in light of Darwinian selection theory.Answer:
According to Darwin’s theory, organisms with beneficial traits survive better in their environment. In the case of bacteria, when antibiotics are used, most bacteria die, but a few with mutations that make them resistant survive. These resistant bacteria multiply quickly because there’s less competition after the sensitive bacteria die. Over time, this leads to a population of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. These bacteria can also share their resistance genes with others, making the problem worse. 2. Find out from newspapers and popular science articles any new fossil discoveries or controversies about evolution.Answer:
A fascinating fossil discovery related to dinosaurs reveals their evolution during the Jurassic era. This finding helped scientists understand how reptiles evolved and how mammals and birds emerged. Recently, fossils like Confuciusornis , an ancient bird from China, sparked debates about how birds evolved from dinosaurs. 3. Attempt giving a clear definition of the term species.Answer:
A species is a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce healthy, fertile offspring. 4. Trace the various components of human evolution.Answer:
Human evolution involved changes in brain size, body posture, diet, and physical features over time. The stages are as follows:| Human Stage | Brain Size | Posture | Diet | f |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dryopithecus africans | - | Ape-like, knuckle-walking | Leaves, fruits | Equal arms and legs, large canines |
| Ramapithecus | - | Semi-erect | Nuts, seeds | Large molars, small canines |
| Australopithecus africanus | 450 cm³ | Fully erect | Herbivorous | Used tools, lived on trees |
| Homo habilis | 735 cm³ | Fully erect | Carnivorous | First to make tools |
| Homo erectus | 800–1100 cm³ | Fully erect | Omnivorous | Used advanced tools for hunting |
| Homo sapiens fossils | 1650 cm³ | Fully erect | Omnivorous | Developed culture, made art |
| Homo sapiens sapiens | 1200–1600 cm³ | Fully erect | Omnivorous | Highly intelligent, modern humans |
Answer:
Yes, some animals, like dolphins, show self-consciousness. They recognize themselves in mirrors and communicate using unique whistles and movements. Other self-aware animals include chimpanzees, parrots, crows, and orangutans. 6. List 10 modern-day animals and their corresponding ancient fossils.Answer:
| Modern Animal | Fossil Name |
|---|---|
| Horse | Eohippus |
| Man | Ramapithecus |
| Elephant | Moeritherium |
| Whale | Protocetus |
| Fish | Arandaspis |
| Giraffe | Palaeotragus |
| Dog | Leptocyon |
| Camel | Protylopus |
| Tetrapod | Ichthyostega |
| Bat | Archaeonycteris |
Answer:
Start by tracing outlines of animals and plants from books or magazines. Use encyclopedias and the internet for more examples. Begin with simple drawings, gradually adding details like leaves, flowers, or feathers. 8. Describe one example of adaptive radiation.Answer:
Adaptive radiation occurs when one species evolves into several different species to adapt to various environments or food sources. A good example is Darwin’s finches on the Galapagos Islands. From a common ancestor, finches developed different beak shapes based on their diets, such as seed-eating, insect-eating, and even blood-sucking. 9. Can we call human evolution adaptive radiation?Answer:
No, human evolution isn’t considered adaptive radiation. Although humans evolved from a common ancestor, this evolution didn’t lead to the formation of multiple new species. Adaptive radiation refers to the diversification of one species into many, which isn’t the case for humans. 10. Using various resources such as your school library or the internet and discussions with your teacher, trace the evolutionary stages of any one animal, say horse.Answer:
The evolution of the horse began during the Eocene era with Eohippus and progressed as follows:Eohippus → Mesohippus → Merychippus → Pliohippus → Equus
Key evolutionary traits:- Body size increased over time.
- Neck lengthened for better feeding.
- Third digit expanded, while other digits disappeared.
- Teeth became stronger for eating grass.
- Limbs became broader and more robust.
Benefits of Solving NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 6
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 6 FAQs
What is evolution?
Evolution is the gradual process by which different living organisms develop and diversify from their ancestral forms over generations. It explains how species adapt to their environment through changes in genetic traits.
Who proposed the theory of natural selection?
Charles Darwin proposed the theory of natural selection in his book On the Origin of Species. It explains how organisms with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.
What is adaptive radiation?
Adaptive radiation refers to the evolutionary process where a single species evolves into multiple species, each adapted to a different environment or ecological niche. For example, Darwin's finches on the Galápagos Islands.
What is speciation?
Speciation is the process by which new species arise from an existing species. It occurs when populations become isolated and undergo genetic changes that prevent interbreeding.
What is the Hardy-Weinberg principle?
The Hardy-Weinberg principle states that allele frequencies in a population remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of evolutionary influences such as mutation, migration, or natural selection.
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