Class 10 Maths Chapter 5 Arithmetic Progressions Exercise 5.2 NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 5 Exercise 5.2 focus on finding the nth term of an arithmetic progression using a standard formula. This exercise will help you move beyond identifying patterns to calculating specific terms in a sequence directly, an important part of the CBSE 10th Maths syllabus. 

These solutions explain each step clearly, making it easier to understand how values are substituted into the formula. Practising these questions improves accuracy and helps in handling sequence-based problems more efficiently.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 5 Exercise 5.2

1. Fill in the blanks in the following table, given that a is the first term, d the common difference and a n the n th term of the A.P.

Solutions:

(i) Given,

First term, a = 7 Common difference, d = 3 Number of terms, n = 8, We have to find the nth term, a n = ? As we know, for an A.P., a n = a +( n −1) d Putting the values, => 7+(8 −1) 3 => 7+(7) 3 => 7+21 = 28 Hence, a n = 28

(ii) Given,

First term, a = -18 Common difference, d = ? Number of terms, n = 10 Nth term, a n = 0 As we know, for an A.P., a n = a +( n −1) d 

Putting the values, 0 = − 18 +(10−1) d 18 = 9 d 

d = 18/9 = 2 

Hence, common difference, d = 2

(iii) Given,

First term, a = ? 

Common difference, d = -3 

Number of terms, n = 18 

Nth term, a n = -5 

As we know, for an A.P., a n = a +( n −1) d 

Putting the values, −5 = a +(18−1) (−3) −5 

= a +(17) (−3) −5 

= a −51 a = 51−5 = 46 Hence, a = 46

(iv) Given,

First term, a = -18.9 Common difference, d = 2.5 Number of terms, n = ? Nth term, a n = 3.6 As we know, for an A.P., a n = a +( n −1) d 

Putting the values, 3.6 = − 18.9+( n −1)2.5 3.6 + 18.9 

= ( n −1)2.5 22.5 

= ( n −1)2.5 ( n – 1) 

= 22.5/2.5 

n – 1 = 9 

n = 10 

Hence, n = 10

(v) Given,

First term, a = 3.5 

Common difference, 

d = 0 Number of terms, 

n = 105 Nth term, 

a n = ? 

As we know, for an A.P., a n = a +( n −1) d 

Putting the values, a n = 3.5+(105−1) 0 

a n = 3.5+104×0 

a n = 3.5 

Hence, a n = 3.5

2. Choose the correct choice in the following and justify:

(i) 30th term of the A.P: 10,7, 4, …, is (A) 97 (B) 77 (C) −77 (D) −87

(ii) 11 th term of the A.P. -3, -1/2, 2 …. is (A) 28 (B) 22 (C) – 38 (D)

Solutions:

(i) Given here, A.P. = 10, 7, 4, …Therefore, we can find, 

First term,  a = 10 

Common difference, d = a 2 − a 1 = 7−10 = −3

 As we know, for an A.P.,  a n = a +( n −1) d Putting the values; a 30 = 10+(30−1)(−3) a 30 = 10+(29)(−3) a 30 = 10−87 = −77

 Hence, the correct answer is option C. (ii) Given here, A.P. = -3, -1/2, ,2 … 

Therefore, we can find, First term a = – 3 

Common difference, d = a 2 − a 1 

= (-1/2) -(-3) 

⇒(-1/2) + 3 = 5/2 

As we know, for an A.P., a n = a +( n −1) d 

Putting the values; a 11 = -3+(11-1)(5/2) a 11 

= -3+(10)(5/2) a 11 

= -3+25 a 11 

= 22

 Hence, the answer is option B.

3. In the following APs, find the missing term in the boxes.

Solutions:

(i) For the given A.P., 2,2, 26.

 The first and third term are; a = 2 a 3 = 26

As we know, for an A.P.,a n = a +( n −1) d

Therefore, putting the values here, a 3 = 2+(3-1) d 26 

= 2+2 d 24 = 2 d 

d = 12 a 2 = 2+(2-1)12 = 14

Therefore, 14 is the missing term.

(ii) For the given A.P., , 13, ,3

a 2 = 13 and a 4 = 3 As we know, for an A.P., a n = a +( n −1) d

Therefore, putting the values here, a 2 = a +(2-1) d 13 = a + d ………………. (i)

a 4 = a +(4-1) d 3 = a +3 d ………….. (ii)

On subtracting equation (i) from (ii) , we get, – 10 = 2 d d = – 5

From equation (i), putting the value of d, we get 13 = a +(-5) a = 18 a 3 = 18+(3-1)(-5) = 18+2(-5) = 18-10 = 8.

Therefore, the missing terms are 18 and 8, respectively.

(iii) For the given A.P.,

a = 5 and a 4 = 19/2 As we know, for an A.P., a n = a +( n −1) d 

Therefore, putting the values here, a 4 = a +(4-1) d 19/2 = 5 +3d (19/2) – 5 = 3d 3d = 9/2 d = 3/2 a 2 = a +(2-1) d a 2 = 5 +3/2 a 2 = 13/2 a 3 = a +(3-1) d a 3 = 5 +2×3/2 a 3 = 8 Therefore, the missing terms are 13/2 and 8, respectively. (iv) For the given A.P., a = −4 and a 6 = 6

As we know, for an A.P.,a n = a +( n −1) d

Therefore, putting the values here, a 6 = a+(6−1)d 6 = − 4+5 d 10 = 5 d d = 2 a 2 = a + d = − 4+2 = −2 a 3 = a +2 d = − 4+2(2) = 0 a 4 = a +3 d = − 4+ 3(2) = 2 a 5 = a +4 d = − 4+4(2) = 4

Therefore, the missing terms are −2, 0, 2, and 4, respectively.

(v) For the given A.P.,

a 2 = 38 a 6 = −22 As we know, for an A.P., a n = a +( n −1) d

Therefore, putting the values here, a 2 = a +(2−1) d 38 = a + d ……………………. (i)

a 6 = a +(6−1) d −22 = a +5 d …………………. (ii)

On subtracting equation (i) from (ii) , we get − 22 − 38 

= 4 d −60 = 4 d d = −15 a = a 2 − d = 38 − (−15) = 53 a 3 = a + 2 d = 53 + 2 (−15) = 23 a 4 = a + 3 d = 53 + 3 (−15) = 8 a 5 = a + 4 d = 53 + 4 (−15) = −7

Therefore, the missing terms are 53, 23, 8, and −7, respectively.

4. Which term of the A.P. 3, 8, 13, 18, … is 78?

Solutions:

Given the A.P. series as 3, 8, 13, 18, … 

First term, a = 3 

Common difference, d = a 2 − a 1 = 8 − 3 = 5 

Let the n th term of given A.P. be 78. 

Now as we know, a n = a +( n −1) d 

Therefore, 78 = 3+( n −1)5 75 

= ( n −1)5 ( n −1) = 15 

n = 16 

Hence, 16 th term of this A.P. is 78.

5. Find the number of terms in each of the following A.P.

(i) 7, 13, 19, …, 205

Solutions:

(i) Given, 7, 13, 19, …, 205 is the A.P

Therefore First term, a = 7 

Common difference, 

d = a 2 − a 1 = 13 − 7 = 6 

Let there are n terms in this A.P. a n = 205

As we know, for an A.P.,  a n = a + ( n − 1) d 

Therefore, 205 = 7 + ( n − 1) 6 

198 = ( n − 1) 6 33 = ( n − 1) n = 34 

Therefore, this given series has 34 terms in it.

First term, a = 18 Common difference, d = a 2 -a 1 =

d = (31-36)/2 = -5/2

Let there are n terms in this A.P. a n = -47 

As we know, for an A.P., a n = a+(n−1)d -47 = 18+(n-1)(-5/2) -47-18 = (n-1)(-5/2) -65 = (n-1)(-5/2) (n-1) = -130/-5 (n-1) = 26 n = 27

Therefore, this given A.P. has 27 terms in it.

6. Check whether -150 is a term of the A.P. 11, 8, 5, 2, …

Solution:

For the given series, A.P. 11, 8, 5, 2.. 

First term, a = 11 

Common difference, 

d = a 2 − a 1 = 8−11 = −3 

Let −150 be the n th term of this A.P. 

As we know, for an A.P., a n = a +( n −1) d -150 = 11+( n -1)(-3) -150 = 11-3 n +3 -164 = -3 n n = 164/3 

 Clearly, n is not an integer but a fraction. Therefore, – 150 is not a term of this A.P.

7. Find the 31st term of an A.P. whose 11th term is 38 and the 16th term is 73.

Solution:

Given that, 11 th term, a 11 = 38 and 16 th term, a 16 = 73 

We know that, a n = a+(n−1)d a 11 = a+(11−1)d 38 = a+10d ………………………………. (i)

In the same way, a 16 = a +(16−1) d 73 = a +15 d ………………………………………… (ii)

On subtracting equation (i) from (ii) , we get 35 = 5 d d = 7 

From equation (i) ,

we can write, 38 = a +10×(7) 38 − 70 = a 

a = −32 a 31 = a +(31−1) d = − 32 + 30 (7) = − 32 + 210 = 178

Hence, 31 st term is 178.

8. An A.P. consists of 50 terms of which 3 rd term is 12 and the last term is 106. Find the 29 th term.

Solution: Given that,

3 rd term, a 3 = 12 50 th term, a 50 = 106 We know that, a n = a +( n −1) d a 3 = a +(3−1) d 12 = a +2 d ……………………………. (i)

In the same way, a 50 = a +(50−1) d 106 = a +49 d …………………………. (ii)

On subtracting equation (i) from (ii) , we get 94 = 47 d d = 2 = common difference From equation (i) ,

we can write now, 12 = a +2(2) a = 12−4 = 8 a 29 = a +(29−1) d a 29 = 8+(28)2 a 29 = 8+56 = 64

Therefore, 29 th term is 64.

9. If the 3rd and the 9th terms of an A.P. are 4 and − 8, respectively. Which term of this A.P. is zero? Solution: 

Given that, 3 rd term, a 3 = 4 and 9 th term, a 9 = −8 We know that, a n = a +( n −1) d Therefore, a 3 = a +(3−1) d 4 = a +2 d ……………………………………… (i)

a 9 = a +(9−1) d −8 = a +8 d ………………………………………………… (ii)

On subtracting equation (i) from (ii) , we will get here, −12 = 6 d d = −2 From equation (i) , 

we can write, 4 = a +2(−2) 4 = a −4 a = 8 

Let n th term of this A.P. be zero. 

a n = a +( n −1) d 0 

= 8+( n −1)(−2) 0 

= 8−2 n +2 2 

n = 10 n = 5

Hence, 5 th term of this A.P. is 0.

10. If 17th term of an A.P. exceeds its 10 th term by 7. Find the common difference.

Solution:

We know that, for an A.P series; 

a n = a +( n −1) d 

a 17 = a +(17−1) d 

a 17 = a +16 d 

In the same way, a 10 = a +9 d

As it is given in the question, a 17 − a 10 = 7

Therefore, ( a +16 d )−( a +9 d ) = 7 7 d = 7 d = 1

Therefore, the common difference is 1.

11. Which term of the A.P. 3, 15, 27, 39,.. will be 132 more than its 54 th term?

Solution:

Given A.P. is 3, 15, 27, 39, … first term, a = 3 common difference, d = a 2 − a 1 = 15 − 3 = 12

We know that, a n = a +( n −1) d 

Therefore, a 54 = a +(54−1) d 

⇒3+(53)(12) 

⇒3+636 = 639 a 54 = 639+132=771

We have to find the term of this A.P. which is 132 more than a 54, i.e.771. 

Let n th term be 771. 

a n = a +( n −1) d 

771 = 3+( n −1)12 

768 = ( n −1)12 ( n −1) = 64 

n = 65

Therefore, 65 th term was 132 more than 54 th term.

Or another method is;

Let n th term be 132 more than 54 th term. n = 54 + 132/2 = 54 + 11 = 65 th term

12. Two APs have the same common difference. The difference between their 100 th term is 100, what is the difference between their 1000 th terms?

Solution:

Let, the first term of two APs be a 1 and a 2 respectively And the common difference of these APs be d .

For the first A.P., we know, a n = a +( n −1) d Therefore, a 100 = a 1 +(100−1) d = a 1 + 99d a 1000 = a 1 +(1000−1) d a 1000 = a 1 +999 d 

For second A.P., we know, a n = a +( n −1) d

Therefore, a 100 = a 2 +(100−1) d = a 2 +99 d a 1000 = a 2 +(1000−1) d = a 2 +999 d Given that, difference between 100 th term of the two APs = 100

Therefore, ( a 1 +99 d ) − ( a 2 +99 d ) = 100 a 1 − a 100……………………………………………………………….. (i)

Difference between 1000 th terms of the two APs ( a 1 +999 d ) − ( a 2 +999 d ) = a 1 − a 2 From equation (i), 

This difference, a 1 − a 2 = 100

Hence, the difference between the 1000th terms of the two A.P. will be 100.

 13. How many three-digit numbers are divisible by 7?

Solution:

First three-digit numbers that are divisible by 7 are:

First number = 105 

Second number = 105+7 = 112 

Third number = 112+7 =119 

Therefore, 105, 112, 119, …

 All three digit numbers are divisible by 7 and thus, all these are terms of an A.P. having first term as 105 and common difference as 7.

 As we know, the largest possible three-digit number is 999. When we divide 999 by 7, the remainder will be 5.

 Therefore, 999-5 = 994 is the maximum possible three-digit number that is divisible by 7.

 Now the series is as follows. 105, 112, 119, …, 994 Let 994 be the nth term of this A.P. first term, a = 105 common difference, d = 7 a n = 994 n = ?

As we know, a n = a+(n−1)d 994 

= 105+(n−1)7 889 

= (n−1)7 (n−1) 

= 127 n = 128

Therefore, 128 three-digit numbers are divisible by 7.

14. How many multiples of 4 lie between 10 and 250?

Solution:

The first multiple of 4 that is greater than 10 is 12.

The next multiple will be 16.

Therefore, the series formed as; 12, 16, 20, 24, … 

 All these are divisible by 4 and thus, all these are terms of an A.P. with the first term as 12 and common difference as 4.

 When we divide 250 by 4, the remainder will be 2. Therefore, 250 − 2 = 248 is divisible by 4.

The series is as follows, now; 12, 16, 20, 24, …, 248 Let 248 be the n th term of this A.P. first term, a = 12 common difference, d = 4 a n = 248

 As we know, a n = a+(n−1)d 248 = 12+( n -1)×4 236/4 = n-1 59  = n-1 n = 60 Therefore, there are 60 multiples of 4 between 10 and 250.

15. For what value of

n , are the n th terms of two APs 63, 65, 67, and 3, 10, 17, … equal?

Solution:

Given two APs as; 63, 65, 67,… and 3, 10, 17,….

Taking first AP,

63, 65, 67, … First term, a = 63 Common difference, d = a 2 −a 1 = 65−63 = 2 

We know, n th term of this A.P. = a n = a+(n−1)d 

a n = 63+( n −1)2 = 63+2 n −2 a n = 61+2 n ………………………………………. (i)

Taking second AP,

3, 10, 17, … First term, a = 3 

Common difference, d = a 2 − a 1 = 10 − 3 = 7 

We know that, n th term of this A.P. = 3+( n −1)7 a n = 3+7 n −7 a n = 7 n −4 ……………………………………………………….. (ii) 

 Given, nth term of these A.P.s are equal to each other. Equating both these equations, we get, 61+2 n = 7 n −4 61+4 = 5 n 5 n = 65 n = 13 

Therefore, 13th terms of both these A.P.s are equal to each other.

16. Determine the A.P. whose third term is 16 and the 7th term exceeds the 5th term by 12.

Solutions:

Given, Third term, a 3 = 16 As we know, a +(3−1) d = 16 a +2 d = 16 ………………………………………. (i)

It is given that, 7 th term exceeds the 5 th term by 12. a 7 − a 5 = 12 [ a +(7−1) d ]−[ a +(5−1) d ]= 12   ( a +6 d )−( a +4 d ) = 12 2 d = 12 d = 6

From equation (i), we get, a +2(6) = 16 a +12 = 16 a = 4 Therefore, A.P. will be4, 10, 16, 22, …

17. Find the 20 th term from the last term of the A.P. 3, 8, 13, …, 253.

Solution:

Given A.P. is 3, 8, 13, …, 253 Common difference, d= 5. 

Therefore, we can write the given AP in reverse order as; 253, 248, 243, …, 13, 8, 5

Now for the new AP, first term, a = 253 and

common difference, d = 248 − 253 = −5 n = 20

 Therefore, using nth term formula, we get a 20 = a +(20−1) d a 20 = 253+(19)(−5) a 20 = 253−95 a = 158

Therefore, 20 th term from the last term of the AP 3, 8, 13, …, 253 . is 158.

18. The sum of 4 th and 8 th terms of an A.P. is 24 and the sum of the 6 th and 10 th terms is 44. Find the first three terms of the A.P .

Solution:

We know that, the nth term of the AP is; a n = a +( n −1) d a 4 = a +(4−1) d a 4 = a +3 d In the same way, we can write, a 8 = a +7 d a 6 = a +5 d a 10 = a +9 d Given that, a 4 +a 8 = 24 a+3d+a+7d = 24 2a+10d = 24 a+5d = 12 …………………………………………………… (i) a 6 +a 10 = 44 a +5d+a+9d = 44 2a+14d = 44 a+7d = 22 …………………………………….. (ii) On subtracting equation (i) from (ii) , we get, 2d = 22 − 12 2d = 10 d = 5 From equation (i) , we get, a +5 d = 12 a +5(5) = 12 a +25 = 12 a = −13 a 2 = a + d = − 13+5 = −8 a 3 = a 2 + d = − 8+5 = −3 Therefore, the first three terms of this A.P. are −13, −8, and −3.

19. Subba Rao started work in 1995 at an annual salary of Rs 5000 and received an increment of Rs 200 each year. In which year did his income reach Rs 7000?

Solution:

It can be seen from the given question, that the incomes of Subba Rao increases every year by Rs.200 and hence, forms an AP.

Therefore, after 1995, the salaries of each year are; 5000, 5200, 5400, … Here, first term, a = 5000 and common difference, d = 200

Let after nth year, his salary be Rs 7000.

Therefore, by the n th term formula of AP, a n = a +( n −1) d 7000 

= 5000+( n −1)200 

200( n −1)= 2000 ( n −1) = 10 n = 11

Therefore, in 11th year, his salary will be Rs 7000.

20. Ramkali saved Rs 5 in the first week of a year and then increased her weekly savings by Rs 1.75. If in the nth week, her weekly savings become Rs 20.75, find n.

Solution:

Given that, Ramkali saved Rs.5 in the first week and then started saving each week by Rs.1.75.

 Hence, First term, a = 5 and common difference, d = 1.75 Also given, a n = 20.75 Find, n = ?

As we know, by the n th term formula, a n = a +( n −1) d

Therefore, 20.75 = 5+( n -1)×1.75 

15.75 = ( n -1)×1.75 ( n -1) 

= 15.75/1.75 = 1575/175 

= 63/7 = 9 n -1 = 9 n = 10

Hence, n is 10.

How to Score Better in Class 10 Maths Exam?

Scoring well in Class 10 Maths requires clear concepts, regular practice, and a focus on accuracy and answer presentation. To score better, you should:

• Build Strong Concepts:

Focus on understanding concepts in Class 10 Maths instead of memorising steps, as this helps in solving application-based questions.

• Work on Weak Areas:

Focus on difficult topics from the Class 10 Maths syllabus instead of skipping them to avoid losing marks.

• Revise Formulas Daily:

Regular revision of PW Class 10 Maths MIQs helps avoid calculation mistakes in exams.

• Practise Regularly:

Solve all CBSE Class 10 NCERT questions multiple times to strengthen your basics and improve accuracy.

• Solve Previous Year Papers:

Practising CBSE Class 10 Maths previous year questions (PYQs) helps you understand question patterns and important topics.

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