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National Language of India, Complete List of Official Language of India

National Language of India represent the cultural and sociopolitical identity of a country, while official languages are primarily used for governmental affairs. Check details about National Language of India.
authorImageParul Rishi1 Sept, 2025
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National Language of India

National Language of India: India is a big country with lots of different cultures and languages. As you travel across India, you'll notice that people speak different languages in different areas. It's like how the water changes when you move from one place to another. Even though India has many languages, it doesn't have one language that everyone agrees is the national language. People have been talking about this for a long time, but there hasn't been a decision yet. It's important to know the difference between a national language and an official language. This post will help you understand more about National Language of India.

National Language of India

Our Constitution didn't make any language the national language. While Hindi was given special status, it's spoken by only 40% of Indians. This could be a problem because not everyone can learn Hindi. So, the Constitution says that Hindi and English are the official languages for the national government. It also lists 22 other official languages, and people can take exams for government jobs in any of these languages.

National Language of India in Constitution

The Indian Constitution doesn't name any language as the national language, but it says that Hindi in the Devanagari script is the official language of the country. However, English can also be used for official purposes for 15 years after the Constitution came into effect. After that, Parliament can decide whether to keep using English along with Hindi or change it. So, both Hindi and English are used for official work in India.

Official Language of India

In 1950, Hindi in Devanagari script was made India’s official language, and English was to be used only till 1965. But since a full shift to Hindi wasn’t possible, English is still used along with Hindi. The Official Language Act (1963) clarified the use of Hindi and English in Parliament, government work, laws, and courts. India is a multilingual country. Each state can choose its own official language(s). The Constitution (Eighth Schedule) recognizes 22 languages as scheduled languages. List of 22 Scheduled Languages:

  • Assamese

  • Bengali

  • Bodo

  • Dogri

  • Gujarati

  • Hindi

  • Kannada

  • Kashmiri

  • Konkani

  • Maithili

  • Malayalam

  • Manipuri

  • Marathi

  • Nepali

  • Odia (Oriya)

  • Punjabi

  • Sanskrit

  • Santali

  • Sindhi

  • Tamil

  • Telugu

  • Urdu

Official Language of India State Wise 

Each state in India designates one or more languages as its official scheduled languages, as per the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution. These languages hold official status within their respective states and are used for government communication, judiciary proceedings, and other official purposes. The table below lists the 28 states of India along with their official languages:
Official Language of India State Wise
State Official Languages Other Spoken Languages
Andhra Pradesh Telugu Telugu, Urdu, Hindi, Tamil, Marathi
Arunachal Pradesh English Nishi, Adi, Bengali, Nepali, Hindi
Assam Assamese Assamese, Bengali, Hindi, Bodo, Nepali
Bihar Hindi Hindi (Bhojpuri, Magadhi), Maithili, Urdu
Chattisgarh Hindi Hindi (Chhattisgarhi), Odia, Bengali, Telugu, Marathi
Goa Konkani Konkani, Marathi, Hindi, Kannada, Urdu
Gujarat Gujarati Gujarati, Hindi, Sindhi, Marathi, Urdu
Haryana Hindi Hindi (Haryanvi, Mewati), Punjabi, Urdu, Bengali, Maithili
Himachal Pradesh Hindi Hindi, Punjabi, Nepali, Kashmiri, Dogri
Jharkhand Hindi Hindi (Bhojpuri, Magadhi, Nagpuri), Santhali, Bengali, Urdu, Odia
Karnataka Kannada Kannada, Urdu, Telugu, Tamil, Marathi
Kerala Malayalam Malayalam, Tamil, Tulu, Kannada, Konkani
Madhya Pradesh Hindi Hindi, Marathi, Urdu, Sindhi, Gujarati
Maharashtra Marathi Marathi
Manipur Meitei (Manipuri) Manipuri, Nepali, Hindi, Bengali
Meghalaya English Khasi, Garo, Bengali, Nepali, Hindi
Mizoram Mizo, English, Hindi Mizo, English, Hindi, Manipuri, Chakma
Nagaland English Ao, Konyak, Angami, Sema, Lotha
Odisha Odia Odia, Bengali, Telugu, Hindi, Santali
Punjab Punjabi Punjabi, Hindi
Rajasthan Hindi Rajasthani, Hindi
Sikkim English Bhutia, Hindi, Nepali, Lepcha, Limbu
Tamil Nadu Tamil Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Urdu, Malayalam
Telangana Telugu Telugu, Urdu, Marathi, Kannada, Hindi
Tripura Bengali, English, Kokborok Bengali, Tripuri, Manipuri, Kokborok
Uttar Pradesh Hindi Hindi (Awadhi, Bhojpuri, Braj Bhasha, Khari Boli dialects)
Uttarakhand Hindi Hindi (Garhwali, Kumaoni, Jaunsari dialects)
West Bengal Bengali Bengali

Difference between the National and Official Language of India

The difference between a country's national language and its official language lies in their respective roles. The national language is tied to a nation's sociopolitical and cultural functions, reflecting its identity and heritage. On the other hand, the official language is primarily linked to government affairs, such as parliamentary proceedings and legal matters. Both languages, whether national or official, serve the crucial purpose of representing the nation and its people on various platforms.
 

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Biosphere Reserves in India Elephant Reserves in India

National Language of India FAQs

What is the national language of India?

As per the constitution of India, English and Hindi are the official languages, they are not recognized as the national language.

What is the official national language?

The official language of India is English and Hindi.

Is hindi the national language of India?

No, Hindi is a official language in India not a national language.

How many languages are there in India?

There are 22 scheduled languages in India.
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