Important Topics for Disaster Management for UPSC Mains 2025 |
Topic |
Subtopics |
1. Basic Concepts |
- Definitions: Disaster, Hazard, Vulnerability, Risk, Resilience.
- Types of disasters: Natural (e.g., earthquakes, floods, cyclones) and Man-made (e.g., industrial accidents, terrorism).
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2. Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) |
- International framework(s): Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015-2030).
- National policies: National Disaster Management Plan, National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) guidelines.
- Role of various institutions: NDMA, NDRF (National Disaster Response Force), SDRF (State Disaster Response Force), and NGOs.
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3. Disaster Management Cycle |
- Phases: Preparedness, Mitigation, Response, Recovery.
- Community-based Disaster Management.
- Role of technology: Early warning systems, GIS, remote sensing.
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4. Case Studies |
- Recent disasters in India: Floods in Kerala, Cyclones like Fani and Amphan, Earthquake in Nepal.
- Analysis of disaster management strategies in these cases.
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5. Climate Change and Disasters |
- Impact of climate change on the frequency of disasters and intensity of disasters.
- Adaptation and mitigation strategies to combat climate-related disasters.
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6. Urban Disaster Risk Reduction |
- Issues related to urbanisation: Infrastructure, population density, urban flooding.
- Smart cities and disaster resilience.
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7. Institutional Framework and Legislation |
- Disaster Management Act, 2005.
- Role of local governments and Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) in disaster management.
- International cooperation and disaster relief.
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8. Technological and Financial Mechanisms |
- Use of technology in disaster management: GIS, remote sensing, mobile technology.
- Funding mechanisms: State and central government funds, international aid.
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9. Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Response |
- Principles of humanitarian assistance.
- Coordination between government, military, and NGOs during disasters.
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10. Health and Disaster Management |
- Impact of disasters on public health.
- Preparedness and response for health emergencies.
- Role of the World Health Organisation (WHO) and other international health organisations.
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11. Social Aspects |
- Gender issues in disaster management.
- Role of media in disaster management.
- Psychological impact of disasters and community-based support systems.
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12. Disaster Management in India |
- Specific challenges and strategies for disaster management in India.
- Success stories and best practices from Indian states.
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13. International Best Practices |
- Learning from global best practices in disaster management.
- Role of international organisations like the United Nations, World Bank, and Asian Development Bank.
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