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The two types of proteins—myosin and actin—that give skeletal muscle its distinctive stripes are present. The light stripes are active and go by the name isotropic bands. However, the dark stripes are known as myosin protein-containing anisotropic bands. Actin filaments are thin filaments, whereas myosin filaments are dense filaments.
In the middle of every actin stripe is an elastic fibre known as the Z-line. Sarcomeres are the segments of myofibrils that lie between two successive Z-lines. The functional unit of muscular contraction is known as the sarcomere.
Moromyosin is the name for the monomeric form of myosin. The two components of every meromyosin are a lengthy tail and a spherical head. Actin-binding sites and ATPase activity are present in the spherical head.
There are twenty-two face and cranial bones in the skull. The brain is shielded by the eight cranial bones in total. The front portion of the skull is made up of 14 bones, which make up the facial region. At the base of the mouth is the U-shaped hyoid bone. The malleus, incus, and stapes are the three tiny bones that make up each middle ear. All of these are referred to as ear ossicles.
There are thirty-three vertebrae in the vertical column, or spine. The trunk's basic anatomy is made up of the vertebral column, which projects from the base of the skull. The neural tube, a hollow section in the middle of each vertebrae, is where the spinal cord travels through.
The occipital condyle is joined to the first vertebra, known as the atlas. Starting from the head, the spine, also known as the vertebral column, is separated into 7 cervicals, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 1 sacral, and 1 coccyx. Mammals retain their number of cervical vertebrae.
Hindlimb Bones: There are several bones present in the hind leg or limb which are the femur, the thigh bone (the longest bone), tibia and fibula, and 7 tarsals (the ankle bones), 5 metatarsals, and 14 phalanges. The cup-shaped bones present on the knees are called the patella.
The scapula and the collarbone/clavicle make up the pectoral girdle. The glenoid cavity in the scapula connects to the forelimb bones and creates a hinge with the humerus in the shape of a ball and socket joint.
The acetabulum, a cup-shaped chamber in the pelvic girdle, connects the thigh muscles to the pelvic girdle and forms a spherical ball and socket joint with the femur, which is connected to the bones of the hind leg.
