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Bohr’S Atomic Model, Formula, Postulates, Important Topics For JEE 2025

Bohr’S Atomic Model : Bohr's atomic model, proposed by Niels Bohr in 1913, depicts electrons orbiting the nucleus in fixed energy levels or shells. It explains atomic spectra and stability based on quantized energy levels.

Shrivastav 9 May, 2024

Bohr’S Atomic Model : curious minds, to the realm of atomic structure! In the vast world of science, few theories have captivated the imagination and shaped our understanding of the atom, like Niels Bohr’s atomic model. In this article, we'll embark on a journey to unravel the mysteries of Bohr's atomic model, exploring its key concepts and implications for our understanding of the fundamental building blocks of matter. So, fasten your seatbelts and get ready to explore the atom in a whole new light.

Understanding The Basics Of Bohr’s Atomic Model

Understanding The Basics Of Bohr’s Atomic Model : To grasp Bohr's atomic model, we first need to understand the atom's structure. Picture the atom as a tiny solar system, with a nucleus at the centre and electrons orbiting around it like planets around the sun. Bohr's model introduced a revolutionary idea that transformed our understanding of atomic structure – the concept of quantized energy levels.

According to Bohr, electrons orbit the nucleus in specific energy levels, or "shells," rather than moving in continuous paths. Each shell is associated with a fixed amount of energy, and electrons can only occupy these shells if they have the corresponding energy. This concept of quantized energy levels laid the foundation for Bohr's atomic model and revolutionized our understanding of atomic physics.

Bohr’s Atomic Model

This model was based on quantum theory of radiation and classical laws of physics.
Bohr model is applicable only for single electron species like H, He ⁺ , Li ²⁺ etc.
Bohr model is based on particle nature of electron.

Bohr’s Atomic Model Some Important formulae

Coulombic force = Centrifugal force = Angular momentum = mvr

Bohr’s Atomic Model Important Postulates

Bohr’s Atomic Model 1 ^st Postulate

Atom has a nucleus where all protons and neutrons are present.
The size of nucleus is very small and it is present at the centre of the atom.

Bohr’s Atomic Model 2 ^nd Postulate

Negatively charged electron revolve around the nucleus in the same way as the planets revolve around the sun.
The path of electron is circular.
The attraction force (Coulombic or electrostatic force) between nucleus and electron is equal to the centrifugal force on electron.
i.e. Attraction force towards nucleus = Centrifugal force away from nucleus.

Check : JEE Main Seat Matrix 2024

Bohr’s Atomic Model 3 ^rd Postulate

Electrons can revolve only in those orbits in which angular momentum (mvr) of electron is integral multiple of i.e., where: n = +ve integer number (n = 1, 2, 3, 4, ……) h = Planck's constant Angular momentum can have values such as but cannot have fractional values such as

Bohr’s Atomic Model 4 ^th Postulate

The orbits in which electron can revolve are known as stationary orbits because in these orbits energy of electron is always constant.

Bohr’s Atomic Model 5 ^th Postulate

Each stationary orbit is associated with definite amount of energy therefore these orbits are also called as energy levels and are numbered as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, …. or K, L, M, N, O, ….. from the nucleus outwards.

Bohr’s Atomic Model 6 ^th Postulate

The emission or absorption of energy in the form of photon can only occur when electron jumps from one stationary state to another & it is = Energy of a quantum = hv

Energy is absorbed when electron jumps from inner to outer orbit and is emitted when electron moves from outer to inner orbit. n ₂ > n ₁ whether emission or absorption of energy will occur.

Bohr’s Atomic Model Solved Example

Q.1 : In H atom if e ^– moves, from n ^th orbit to 1 ^st orbit by transition in multi steps, if there are total number of lines in spectrum are 10 then find out the value of n

Sol : Total number of lines =

So,

or 20 = (n – 1)(n) n ² – n – 20 = 0 n ² – 5n + 4n – 20 = 0 n(n – 5) + 4(n – 5) = 0 (n + 4)(n – 5) = 0 ⇒ n = 5

Bohr’S Atomic Model FAQs

Q.1 : How does Bohr's atomic model explain atomic spectra?

Ans. According to Bohr's model, electrons orbit the nucleus in specific energy levels, or "shells," and can transition between these levels by absorbing or emitting photons of light. These transitions result in the emission or absorption of discrete packets of energy, producing the characteristic spectral lines observed in atomic spectra.

Q.2 : What is the ground state and excited state in Bohr's atomic model?

Ans. In Bohr's model, the ground state refers to the lowest energy level that an electron can occupy within an atom. When atoms absorb energy, electrons can temporarily occupy higher energy levels, known as excited states. However, these excited states are unstable, and electrons quickly return to lower energy levels, releasing energy in the form of light.

Q.3 : Can Bohr's atomic model explain the behaviour of complex atoms and molecules?

Ans. While Bohr's atomic model provides a simplified description of atomic structure and behaviour, it is not sufficient to explain the behaviour of complex atoms and molecules. Modern quantum mechanical models, such as the quantum mechanical model, provide a more accurate description of atomic behaviour, particularly for complex systems.

Q.4: What is Bohr's atomic model?

Ans. Bohr's atomic model is a theoretical framework proposed by physicist Niels Bohr to describe the structure of atoms. It introduced the concept of quantized energy levels for electrons orbiting the nucleus and explained atomic spectra, particularly the discrete line spectrum of hydrogen.

Q.5: How does Bohr's atomic model differ from earlier models of the atom?

Ans. Bohr's atomic model introduced the revolutionary idea of quantized energy levels for electrons, which differed from earlier models that depicted electrons as moving in continuous orbits around the nucleus. Additionally, Bohr's model provided a theoretical explanation for the discrete spectral lines observed in atomic spectra.

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Understanding The Basics Of Bohr’s Atomic Model

Bohr’s Atomic Model

This model was based on quantum theory of radiation and classical laws of physics.
Bohr model is applicable only for single electron species like H, He ⁺ , Li ²⁺ etc.
Bohr model is based on particle nature of electron.

Bohr’s Atomic Model Some Important formulae

Coulombic force = Centrifugal force = Angular momentum = mvr

Bohr’s Atomic Model Important Postulates

Bohr’s Atomic Model 1 ^st Postulate

Atom has a nucleus where all protons and neutrons are present.
The size of nucleus is very small and it is present at the centre of the atom.

Bohr’s Atomic Model 2 ^nd Postulate

Negatively charged electron revolve around the nucleus in the same way as the planets revolve around the sun.
The path of electron is circular.
The attraction force (Coulombic or electrostatic force) between nucleus and electron is equal to the centrifugal force on electron.
i.e. Attraction force towards nucleus = Centrifugal force away from nucleus.

Check : JEE Main Seat Matrix 2024

Bohr’s Atomic Model 3 ^rd Postulate

Bohr’s Atomic Model 4 ^th Postulate

The orbits in which electron can revolve are known as stationary orbits because in these orbits energy of electron is always constant.

Bohr’s Atomic Model 5 ^th Postulate

Bohr’s Atomic Model 6 ^th Postulate

The emission or absorption of energy in the form of photon can only occur when electron jumps from one stationary state to another & it is = Energy of a quantum = hv

Energy is absorbed when electron jumps from inner to outer orbit and is emitted when electron moves from outer to inner orbit. n ₂ > n ₁ whether emission or absorption of energy will occur.

Bohr’s Atomic Model Solved Example

Q.1 : In H atom if e ^– moves, from n ^th orbit to 1 ^st orbit by transition in multi steps, if there are total number of lines in spectrum are 10 then find out the value of n

Sol : Total number of lines =

So,

or 20 = (n – 1)(n) n ² – n – 20 = 0 n ² – 5n + 4n – 20 = 0 n(n – 5) + 4(n – 5) = 0 (n + 4)(n – 5) = 0 ⇒ n = 5

Bohr’S Atomic Model, Formula, Postulates, Important Topics For JEE 2025

Understanding The Basics Of Bohr’s Atomic Model

IIIT Lucknow Seat Matrix 2024 : Click to Check

Bohr’s Atomic Model

Bohr’s Atomic Model Some Important formulae

Bohr’s Atomic Model Important Postulates

Bohr’s Atomic Model 1 st Postulate

Bohr’s Atomic Model 2 nd Postulate

Bohr’s Atomic Model 3 rd Postulate

Bohr’s Atomic Model 4 th Postulate

Bohr’s Atomic Model 5 th Postulate

Bohr’s Atomic Model 6 th Postulate

IIITDM kancheepuram Seat Matrix 2024 : Click to Check

Bohr’s Atomic Model Solved Example

Bohr’S Atomic Model FAQs

Q.1 : How does Bohr's atomic model explain atomic spectra?

Q.2 : What is the ground state and excited state in Bohr's atomic model?

Q.3 : Can Bohr's atomic model explain the behaviour of complex atoms and molecules?

Q.4: What is Bohr's atomic model?

Q.5: How does Bohr's atomic model differ from earlier models of the atom?

Bohr’S Atomic Model FAQs

Q.1 : How does Bohr's atomic model explain atomic spectra?

Q.2 : What is the ground state and excited state in Bohr's atomic model?

Q.3 : Can Bohr's atomic model explain the behaviour of complex atoms and molecules?

Q.4: What is Bohr's atomic model?

Q.5: How does Bohr's atomic model differ from earlier models of the atom?

Bohr’S Atomic Model, Formula, Postulates, Important Topics For JEE 2025

Understanding The Basics Of Bohr’s Atomic Model

IIIT Lucknow Seat Matrix 2024 : Click to Check

Bohr’s Atomic Model

Bohr’s Atomic Model Some Important formulae

Bohr’s Atomic Model Important Postulates

Bohr’s Atomic Model 1 st Postulate

Bohr’s Atomic Model 2 nd Postulate

Bohr’s Atomic Model 3 rd Postulate

Bohr’s Atomic Model 4 th Postulate

Bohr’s Atomic Model 5 th Postulate

Bohr’s Atomic Model 6 th Postulate

IIITDM kancheepuram Seat Matrix 2024 : Click to Check

Bohr’s Atomic Model Solved Example

Bohr’s Atomic Model 1 ^st Postulate

Bohr’s Atomic Model 2 ^nd Postulate

Bohr’s Atomic Model 3 ^rd Postulate

Bohr’s Atomic Model 4 ^th Postulate

Bohr’s Atomic Model 5 ^th Postulate

Bohr’s Atomic Model 6 ^th Postulate

Bohr’s Atomic Model 1 ^st Postulate

Bohr’s Atomic Model 2 ^nd Postulate

Bohr’s Atomic Model 3 ^rd Postulate

Bohr’s Atomic Model 4 ^th Postulate

Bohr’s Atomic Model 5 ^th Postulate

Bohr’s Atomic Model 6 ^th Postulate