Features of DNA, Definition, Features, and MCQs with Answers

 Features of DNA are essential for understanding the molecular basis of genetics and cellular functions. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the genetic material found in all living organisms, and its structure and functions play a key role in inheritance, protein synthesis, and evolution. The study of DNA is crucial for the NEET Exam , as it forms the foundation for many topics in biology, including genetics, cell biology, and molecular biology.

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Features of DNA Overview

Features of DNA

• Double Helix Structure : DNA is composed of two strands that coil around each other, forming a structure called the double helix. This shape is essential for the stability and function of the DNA molecule.
• Nucleotides: DNA consists of repeating units called nucleotides. Each nucleotide is made up of a sugar molecule (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).
• Base Pairing: The two strands of DNA are held together by specific base pairs: adenine pairs with thymine, and cytosine pairs with guanine. This pairing ensures the stability of the double helix and is crucial for the accurate replication of DNA.
• Antiparallel Strands: The two strands of DNA run in opposite directions, which is called antiparallel orientation. This feature is important for the enzyme-driven processes involved in DNA replication.
• Self-Replication: DNA has the ability to replicate itself, which ensures that genetic information is passed on accurately when cells divide. This replication process is essential for growth, repair, and reproduction.
• Genetic Information Storage: DNA carries the genetic information necessary to build proteins. The sequence of nitrogenous bases in the DNA determines the specific instructions for assembling proteins, which are vital for cellular functions.
• Mutation and Genetic Variation : DNA is capable of undergoing mutations, which can lead to genetic diversity. These mutations are the driving force behind evolution and adaptation in populations.
• Central Dogma: According to the central dogma of molecular biology, DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA), and then the mRNA is translated into proteins. This process is central to the expression of genes and the production of proteins in living organisms.

What is DNA?

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MCQs of Features of DNA

Q1. In a 3.2 kbp long piece of DNA, 820 adenine base pairs were found. What would be the number of the cytosine base pairs;

1. 780
2. 1560
3. 740
4. 1480

Q2. How many nucleotides are present in one spiral of DNA?

1. 20
2. 5
3. 10
4. 25

Q3. In a DNA segment of six coils, 22 bp are linked by two hydrogen bonds. How many cytosine bases would be present?

1. 22
2. 38
3. 44
4. 76

Also Check:

• Free Toppers Notes for NEET
• Free NEET Lectures by PW Faculties
• NEET Study Material, Free Sample Papers, Book, Toppers Notes, PYQs

Answers of MCQs of Features of DNA