CBSE Class 6 Science Notes Chapter 3 Fibre to Fabric

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CBSE Class 6 Science Notes Chapter 3 Fibre to Fabric Notes

• Fibres are thin, thread-like structures that can be spun into yarn and then woven into fabric.
• Fabrics are materials made by weaving, knitting, or bonding fibres together.

• Natural Fibres: These are obtained from plants (cotton, jute, hemp) and animals (wool, silk).
• Synthetic Fibres: These are man-made fibres produced from chemicals (nylon, polyester, acrylic).

• Cotton: Obtained from the cotton plant's seed pod (boll), cotton fibres are soft, breathable, and absorbent. They are used to make clothes, bed sheets, and towels.
• Silk: Produced by silkworms, silk fibres are strong, smooth, and lustrous. They are used to make luxurious fabrics, sarees, and garments.
• Wool: Obtained from the fleece of sheep, wool fibres are soft, warm, and elastic. They are used to make sweaters, shawls, and blankets.
• Jute: Derived from the stem of the jute plant, jute fibres are strong, coarse, and golden brown. They are used to make sacks, ropes, and mats.

• Cotton: After harvesting, cotton bolls are ginned to separate the seeds from the fibres. The fibres are then spun into yarn and woven into fabric.
• Silk: Silkworms produce silk fibres in their cocoons. The cocoons are boiled in hot water to soften the silk fibres, which are then unwound, spun into yarn, and woven into fabric.
• Wool: Sheep are sheared to obtain wool from their fleece. The wool is cleaned, carded (combed), spun into yarn, and woven into fabric.

• Strength: Some fibres are stronger than others. For example, silk is stronger than cotton.
• Durability: Fibres like nylon and polyester are durable and long-lasting.
• Comfort: Natural fibres like cotton and wool are comfortable to wear as they are breathable and absorbent.
• Elasticity: Wool fibres have natural elasticity, making them stretchable and resilient.

• Clothing: Fabrics are used to make clothes for protection, comfort, and fashion.
• Home Furnishings: Fabrics are used for making curtains, upholstery, bed linens, and carpets.
• Industrial Purposes: Fabrics are used in industries for making bags, ropes, filters, and insulation materials.

• Weaving: Weaving is the process of interlacing two sets of yarns or threads at right angles to create fabric. It involves a warp (longitudinal) and weft (transverse) yarn. Fabrics like cotton and silk are often produced through weaving.
• Knitting: Knitting involves interlocking loops of yarn to create fabric. It is commonly used to produce garments like sweaters, socks, and hats. Wool and synthetic fibres are often knitted into fabrics.
• Felting: Felting is a process where wool fibres are compressed and matted together using heat, moisture, and agitation. This technique creates non-woven fabrics used in applications like hats, boots, and carpets.

• Denim: Denim is a sturdy cotton twill fabric, typically used for making jeans, jackets, and skirts. It is known for its durability and rugged appearance.
• Velvet: Velvet is a luxurious fabric with a soft, dense pile. It is often used for upholstery, evening wear, and accessories due to its rich texture and appearance.
• Satin: Satin is a smooth, glossy fabric with a lustrous surface. It is commonly used for formal wear, lingerie, and linens, imparting an elegant and luxurious feel.
• Linen: Linen is a lightweight, breathable fabric made from the flax plant. It is prized for its coolness and freshness, making it suitable for summer clothing and home textiles.

• Natural Fibres: Natural fibres like cotton and wool are biodegradable and eco-friendly. However, their production may involve significant water and pesticide usage, impacting the environment.
• Synthetic Fibres: Synthetic fibres like polyester and nylon are non-biodegradable and contribute to environmental pollution. Their production also involves the use of fossil fuels and chemicals, leading to carbon emissions and waste generation.

• Sustainable Fabrics: There is a growing demand for sustainable and eco-friendly fabrics made from renewable sources like bamboo, hemp, and organic cotton. These fabrics minimize environmental impact and promote ethical production practices.
• Smart Fabrics: Advancements in textile technology have led to the development of smart fabrics embedded with sensors and electronics. These fabrics have applications in healthcare, sports, and fashion, offering functionalities like temperature regulation and activity monitoring.

CBSE Class 6 Science Notes Chapter 3 Fibre to Fabric Important Topics

• Fibre refers to a thin, thread-like structure that is the basic unit of textile materials.
• It can be natural or synthetic and is used to make fabrics and other textile products.

• Fibres can be broadly classified into two types: natural fibres and synthetic fibres.
• Natural fibres are obtained from plants and animals, while synthetic fibres are man-made and derived from chemical substances.

• Natural fibres include cotton, wool, silk, jute, and linen, among others.
• Each natural fibre has its unique properties and characteristics, making it suitable for specific applications.

• Fibres obtained from plants include cotton, jute, hemp, and flax.
• Cotton is the most widely used plant fibre, known for its softness, breathability, and absorbency.
• Jute is a coarse fibre used for making sacks, bags, and ropes.

• Fibres obtained from animals include wool and silk.
• Wool is derived from the fleece of sheep and is valued for its warmth, elasticity, and moisture-wicking properties.
• Silk is produced by silkworms and is known for its smooth texture and luxurious appearance.

• Cotton yarn is produced through a process called spinning, where cotton fibres are twisted together to form a continuous strand.
• This yarn is then used to weave fabrics like cotton cloth and denim.

• Yarns are interlaced or knitted together to create fabrics through processes like weaving and knitting.
• Weaving involves interlacing yarns at right angles to form a fabric, while knitting involves interlocking loops of yarn.
• Fabrics are further processed and treated to achieve desired properties like softness, durability, and colorfastness.

• The history of clothing material dates back to ancient times when humans used natural fibres like animal hides, plant leaves, and tree bark to cover themselves.
• Over time, advancements in textile production led to the development of techniques for spinning, weaving, and dyeing fibres, resulting in a wide variety of clothing materials.

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