Resources and Development Class 10 Important Questions and Answers help students understand the significance of natural resources, their classification, and the need for sustainable development.
The chapter explains types of resources—biotic, abiotic, renewable, and non-renewable, along with concepts like resource planning, land use, and soil conservation.
Practicing resources and development class 10 important questions strengthens conceptual clarity, improves answer writing, and enhances exam performance.
Resources and Development Class 10 Important Questions and Answers
Resources and Development Class 10 Important Questions and Answers help students understand key concepts such as resource planning, land-use patterns, and soil conservation in a clear, structured way.
Practicing these questions strengthens exam readiness and boosts confidence for Class 10 Geography.
Section – A (1 Mark)
1. Which one of the following types of resource is iron ore?
(A) Renewable
(B) Biotic
(C) Flow
(D) Non-renewable
Ans. (D) Non-renewable
2. Which one of the following is the main cause of land degradation in Punjab?
(A) Intensive cultivation
(B) Deforestation
(C) Over irrigation
(D) Overgrazing
Ans. (C) Over irrigation
3. In which one of the following states is terrace cultivation practiced?
(A) Punjab
(B) Plains of Uttar Pradesh
(C) Haryana
(D) Uttarakhand
Ans. (D) Uttarakhand
. In which of the following states black soil is predominantly found?
(A) Jammu & Kashmir
(B) Maharashtra
(C) Rajasthan
(D) Jharkhand
Ans. (B) Maharashtra
5. Statement-I: Biotic resources are the resources which have life.
Statement-II: Abiotic resources are the resources which do not have life.
(A) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct.
(B) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are incorrect.
(C) Statement-I is correct & Statement-II is incorrect.
(D) Statement-I is incorrect & Statement-II is correct
Ans. (A) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct.
6. Statement-I: Depletion of resources is being done by only 2-3 countries.
Statement-II: The indiscriminate use of resources has led to many ecological problems.
(A) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct.
(B) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are incorrect.
(C) Statement-I is correct & Statement-II is incorrect.
(D) Statement-I is incorrect & Statement-II is correct
Ans. (D) Statement-I is incorrect & Statement-II is correct
7. Consider the following states:
(i) Andhra Pradesh
(ii) Kerala
(iii) Himachal Pradesh
(iv) Tripura
How many of the above are generally known as tea producing states?
(A) Only one state
(B) Only two states
(C) Only three states
(D) All four states
Ans. (C) Only three states
8. The black cotton soil of India has been formed due to the weathering of
(A) Brown forest soil
(B) Fissure volcanic rock
(C) Granite and Schist
(D) Shale and lime stone
Ans. (B) Fissure volcanic rock
9. In India, the problem of soil erosion is associated with which of the following?
(i) Terrace cultivation
(ii) Deforestation
(iii) Tropical Climate
Select the correct answer using the codes given below
(A) (i) and (ii) only
(B) (ii) only
(C) (i) and (iii) only
(D) (i), (ii) and (iii)
Ans. (B) (ii) only
10. Which of the following statements regarding laterite soil of India are correct?
(i) They are generally red in color.
(ii) They are rich in nitrogen and Potash
(iii) They are well developed in Rajasthan and U.P.
(iv) Tapioca and Cashew nut grow well on these soils.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
(A) (i), (ii) and (iii)
(B) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
(C) (i) and (iv)
(D) (ii) and (iii)
Ans. (C) (i) and (iv)
11. Name three states having black soil and the crop which is mainly grown in it?
Ans. Maharashtra, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh are the name of three states where the cotton is grown.
12. What steps can be taken to control soil erosion in the hilly areas?
Ans. The main techniques that can be used are given below.
(i) Contour ploughing
(ii) Terrace farming
(iii) Strips of grass are allowed to grow between the crops, this method is known as strip cropping.
13. What are the biotic and abiotic resources? Give some examples.
Ans. Biotic resource:
(i) These are resources that are obtained from the biosphere
(ii) These resources have life
(iii) Examples are plants, animals, fish, human beings, livestock etc.
Abiotic resource:
(i) These resources are composed of non-living things
(ii) Examples are water, minerals, metals, wind, solar energy etc.
14. What is the role of human beings in the development of a resource?
Ans. Humans play a pivotal role in resource development through exploration, extraction, refinement, and utilization, shaping its accessibility, sustainability, and impact on ecosystems and societies.
15. Why is soil considered as an important resource?
Ans. Soil is crucial for agriculture, providing nutrients for plant growth, supporting biodiversity, regulating water flow, and storing carbon. It's essential for food production and ecosystem health.
Section-C (3 Marks)
16. Distinguish between renewable and non-renewable resources?
Ans. Renewable resources are those that can be naturally replenished over time, such as sunlight, wind, and water. They are sustainable and typically have minimal environmental impact.
Non-renewable resources, on the other hand, are finite and cannot be readily replaced within a human lifespan, like fossil fuels and minerals. Their extraction and use contribute to environmental degradation and climate change.
17. Explain the importance of the conservation of resources.
Ans. Conservation of resources is crucial for sustaining ecosystems, preserving biodiversity, and ensuring future generations' well-being. It helps maintain ecological balance, prevents resource depletion, and mitigates environmental degradation. By conserving resources like water, energy, and forests, we safeguard essential services provided by nature, such as clean air and water. Conservation efforts also promote sustainable development, reducing our ecological footprint and fostering resilience against environmental challenges.
18. What is soil erosion? Explain the major types of soil erosion?
Ans. Soil erosion is the process by which soil is moved from one place to another, often due to natural forces like wind, water, or ice, as well as human activities such as agriculture, deforestation, or construction.
Major types of soil erosion are
(i) Water Erosion
(ii) Wind Erosion
(iii) Glacial Erosion
(iv) Tillage erosion
(v) Erosion by gravity
19. How do rocks plays an important role in the formation of soil?
Ans. Rocks play a crucial role in soil formation through weathering processes. Physical weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces, increasing surface area for chemical weathering. Chemical weathering alters rock composition, releasing minerals that contribute to soil fertility. Over time, these processes create a mix of organic and inorganic materials, forming the foundation for soil development essential for plant growth and ecosystem health.
20. What is the gross cropped area and what is contour ploughing?
Ans. The gross cropped area refers to the total land area under cultivation for agricultural purposes, including all crops grown during a particular period within a specified area.
Contour ploughing is a farming technique where plowing is done parallel to the contours of the land, rather than in straight lines up and down slopes. This method helps to prevent soil erosion by slowing down the flow of water and allowing it to infiltrate into the soil, reducing the risk of runoff and soil loss.
Section-D (5 Marks)
21. Explain the classification of resources on the basis of exhaustibility.
Ans. Resources can be classified based on their exhaustibility into renewable and non-renewable resources.
Renewable resources, like solar and wind energy, can be naturally replenished over time, making them essentially inexhaustible on human timescales. On the other hand, non-renewable resources, such as fossil fuels and minerals, are finite and will eventually be depleted as they cannot be replaced within a human lifespan. This classification is crucial for sustainable resource management and planning, as it highlights the importance of conserving non-renewable resources and investing in renewable alternatives to ensure long-term environmental and economic stability.
22. Distinguish between red soil and laterite soil stating any three points of distinction?
Ans. Here are three points of distinction between red soil and laterite soil:
Composition and colour:
• Red soil is formed from the weathering of crystalline rocks like granite and gneiss. It derives its name from the high concentration of iron oxide, which gives it a reddish appearance.
• Laterite soil forms from the leaching of silica and other soluble materials, leaving behind a concentration of iron oxides and aluminum hydroxides. It typically appears reddish-brown in color.
Texture and Structure:
• Red soil usually has a well-defined structure with good drainage due to its coarse texture. It's often sandy or loamy.
• Laterite soil tends to be hard when dry and can become sticky when wet. It has a relatively poor structure, making it less fertile for agriculture.
Fertility and Nutrient Content:
• Red soil is generally more fertile compared to laterite soil. It contains moderate levels of nutrients, including iron and aluminum oxides, which support the growth of various crops.
• Laterite soil is often nutrient-poor and acidic. Its nutrient content tends to be lower, and it may require significant amendments for agriculture.
23. Which soil is called ‘regur soil? Mention any four characteristics of this type of soil.
Ans. Regur soil is also known as black soil. Here are four characteristics of regur soil:
Color: Regur soil is dark black in color due to its high content of organic matter and iron oxide.
Texture: It has a fine-grained texture, which means it has good moisture retention properties and is easy to plow.
Composition: Regur soil is rich in minerals like calcium, magnesium, and potassium, making it fertile for agriculture.
Expansion and Contraction: One distinctive feature of regur soil is its ability to swell when wet and shrink when dry, which can lead to the formation of deep cracks in the soil during dry seasons. This characteristic can affect farming practices and irrigation techniques.
Section-E (4 Marks)
24. Read the information below and answer the questions that follow.
Energy is a basic requirement for economic development. Every sector of the national economy—agriculture, industry, transport, commercial and domestic—needs inputs of energy. The economic development plans implemented since Independence have necessarily required increasing amounts of energy to remain operational. As a result, consumption of energy in all forms has been steadily rising all over the country. In this background, there is an urgent need to develop a sustainable path of energy development.
Promotion of energy conservation and increased use of renewable energy sources are the twin planks of sustainable energy. India is presently one of the least energy efficient countries in the world. We have to adopt a cautious approach for the judicious use of our limited energy resources. For example, as concerned citizens we can do our bit by using public transport systems instead of individual vehicles; switching off electricity when not in use, using powersaving devices and using non-conventional sources of energy. After all, “energy saved is energy produced”.
(i) How will using public transport systems instead of individual vehicles help us?
Ans. Using public transport systems instead of individual vehicles helps us in saving energy.
(ii) There is an urgent need of development.
Ans. Sustainability is the urgent need of development
(iii) Meaning of sustainable:
Ans. Viable is the meaning of sustainable
(iv) What is considered to be the basic requirement of economic development?
Ans. Resources, Energy and Technology are the basic requirement of economic development.