Emphysema: Meaning, Types, Stages, Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

If you are looking for Emphysema, you have come to the right place!

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What is Emphysema?

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Types of Emphysema

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Stages of Emphysema

• Stage 1: Emphysema's mildest stage. Compared to the healthy lungs of someone of the same age, height, and sex, your lungs perform at least 80% as well.
• Stage 2: Emphysema of mild severity. Your lungs function between 50% and 79%,compared to the healthy lungs of a person your age, height, and sex.

• Stage 3: This emphysema is severe. Your lungs function between 30% and 49%, compared to the healthy lungs of a person your age, height, and sex.

• Stage 4: This emphysema is severe. When compared to the healthy lungs of someone of the same age, height, and sex, your lungs perform less than 30% as well.

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Symptoms of Emphysema

• A cough (with or without sputum), wheezing, rapid breathing, shortness of breath with effort, and tightness in the chest are among the symptoms that might occur.
• There can be a lot of flu or cold infections. Anxiety, despair, exhaustion, restless sleep, and weight loss are possible additional symptoms.
• Emphysema is frequently underdiagnosed because these symptoms could be related to other lung diseases or health issues.
• Emphysema-related breathlessness can worsen over time and become chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

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Causes of Emphysema

• Marijuana
• Vaping and e-cigarettes.
• Cigar smoke.
• Air pollution.
• Dust.
• Chemical fumes.

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Risk Factors of Emphysema

• Smoking . Smokers of cigars and pipes are also prone to developing emphysema, although cigarette smokers are likelier to do so. The risk rises with time and tobacco consumption for all categories of smokers.
• Age . Emphysema symptoms often begin between the ages of 40 and 60, even though the lung damage takes time to manifest.
• Exposure to secondhand smoke. Secondhand smoke, sometimes called passive or environmental tobacco smoke, is smoke from another person's cigarette, pipe, or cigar that you unintentionally breathe in. Your chance of developing emphysema increases when secondhand smoke is present.
• Occupational exposure to fumes or dust. You are more prone to get emphysema if you breathe in chemical fumes or dust from grain, cotton, wood, mining goods, or both. If you smoke, the danger is significantly more severe.

• Exposure to indoor and outdoor pollution. You risk developing emphysema if you breathe indoor and outdoor contaminants, such as car exhaust and fumes from heating fuel.

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Complications of Emphysema

• Collapsed lung (pneumothorax). Due to the substantial impairment in the function of their lungs, people with severe emphysema risk dying from a collapsed lung.
• Heart problems. The pressure in the arteries from the heart to the lungs may rise due to emphysema. This may lead to cor pulmonale, a disorder where a section of the heart enlarges and weakens.

• Large holes in the lungs (bullae). Some emphysema patients have bullae, or lungs with empty spaces. They can be as big as one lung's worth. Giant bullae limit the lung's ability to expand and raise the possibility of developing a pneumothorax.

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How is Emphysema diagnosed?

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Treatment of Emphysema

Treatment options could be:

• Quitting Smoke: Quitting smoking is the best method to decrease the progression of emphysema. The most crucial action you can take to safeguard your lungs is this. You and your healthcare professional can identify the most efficient ways to stop smoking.
• Bronchodilators : The muscles around your airways are relaxed by these drugs. When these muscles are relaxed, your lungs can breathe in and out more air. In comparison to oral drugs, they work faster and better. Asthma and other lung disorders can be treated using bronchodilators.
• Inhaled corticosteroids: Inhaled corticosteroids lessen mucus production and airway oedema. To help avoid the symptoms of emphysema, you might need to take inhaled corticosteroids daily.
• Oxygen therapy: Oxygen treatment can help if your lungs aren't supplying enough oxygen to your blood (hypoxemia). You'll receive additional oxygen from a machine via a facemask or a nasal catheter. Your healthcare practitioner will attach a flexible tube called a nasal catheter (also known as a nasal cannula) to your nose.
• Lung transplant: A lung transplant replaces your damaged lungs with healthy lungs from a donor if you have severe emphysema and your lungs don't respond to conventional forms of treatment.

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• More than three million Americans have emphysema, which has been diagnosed as a disease.
• Emphysema is one of the most avoidable respiratory conditions due to its close association with smoking. Smoking is the leading cause, but other factors like respiratory infections, air pollution, and a lack of alpha-1 antitrypsin can also contribute.
• Emphysema signs and symptoms take time to manifest, but once they do, they typically include chest tightness, wheezing, coughing up mucus, and shortness of breath.
• Chest X-rays, pulse oximetry, spirometry, other pulmonary function tests, an arterial blood gas test, and an electrocardiogram are among the procedures required to identify emphysema (ECG).
• Emphysema cannot be cured. However, numerous treatments can help manage its symptoms. Oxygen treatment can aid people who need help breathing. Bronchodilator medicines can relax the muscles and minimise airway inflammation.