India-Bangladesh Relations, Challenges to Internal Security Amidst Unrest
India-Bangladesh relations will be tested as the political crisis unfolds in Bangladesh. Read on to learn about India-Bangladesh relations amidst recent developments.
Deeksha Dixit9 Aug, 2024
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India-Bangladesh Relations: India-Bangladesh relations have been shaped by a complex interplay of historical, political, and cultural factors. As neighbouring countries, they share a long border and a deep-rooted history that influences their current interactions.
However, recent crises in Bangladesh have raised significant challenges to internal security, given that it is the longest border-sharing nation with India. The evolving political landscape with the resignation of PM Sheikh Hasina and the f ormation of an interim government requires a careful and strategic approach to ensure stability and continued cooperation.Impact of Recent Crisis on India-Bangladesh Relations
The ongoing Bangladesh crisis has had a profound impact on India-Bangladesh relations . While the sudden resignation of pro-Indian and liberal PM Sheikh Hasina raised concerns over future bilateral relations, the attack on Hindus in Bangladesh deepened humanitarian concerns. The Bangladesh political unrest has led to increased fears of instability spilling over into India , particularly in border regions where communities are intertwined. Additionally, it has raised security concerns for India, with fears of increased infiltration and illegal activities along the border. With many Indians stuck in Bangladesh, the situation demands robust diplomatic engagement and cooperation to address these challenges and restore stability. Recently, the government has formed a committee headed by the ADG, Border Security Force, Eastern Command to coordinate with Bangladesh authorities for the safety and security of Indians, Hindus, and minorities.History of India-Bangladesh Relations
The history of India-Bangladesh relations dates back to the liberation of Bangladesh in 1971. India played a crucial role in supporting Bangladesh's struggle for independence from Pakistan. Over the years, India-Bangladesh relations evolved into a comprehensive partnership, encompassing multiple sectors. However, anti-India sentiment grew in the mid-1970s due to boundary disputes, insurgency issues, and water-sharing conflicts. Later, relations improved under Sheikh Hasina's leadership starting in 1996 , marked by significant agreements such as the Ganga Waters Treaty. Since then, the two nations have shared a strong bond based on cultural, historical, and linguistic ties.| Attempt UPSC Mains 2013 PYQ: Critically examine the compulsions which prompted India to play a decisive role in the emergence of Bangladesh. (200 words, 10 marks) |
Connectivity Between India and Bangladesh
The India-Bangladesh border is the longest land boundary India shares with any country, measuring approximately 4,096 kilometers known as the Radcliffe Line . The connectivity between the counties has been robust including five operational bus routes and the following routes:- Rail Connectivity: Six pre-1965 rail links have been rehabilitated. Three trains, Maitri Express, Bandhan Express, and Mitali Express, are operational.
- Inland Water Connectivity: The Protocol on Inland Waterways Trade and Transit (PIWTT) has facilitated trade and transit since 1972.
- Port Connectivity: The 2023 agreement allows India to use Chittagong and Mongla ports for transit cargo, reducing transport costs and time.
India-Bangladesh Relations - Economic Ties
The economic ties between India and Bangladesh have grown significantly in recent years. Bangladesh is India's largest trading partner in South Asia, with bilateral trade amounting to approximately USD 14.01 billion in FY 2023–24. Further, India exported 3 Lines of Credit (LOC) as a development partner, strengthening India. -Bangladesh relations.| India-Bangladesh Relations - Economic Ties | |
| Total Trade Volume | USD 14.01 billion |
| Bangladesh Exports to India | USD 2 billion (FY 2022-23) |
| Major Projects | Maitree Power Plant, Friendship Pipeline |
India-Bangladesh Defence Relations
Defense cooperation is a vital component of India-Bangladesh relations. The two countries engage in regular military exchanges, joint exercises, and training programs. In 2023, significant bilateral exchanges included visits by the Chiefs of the Indian and Bangladesh Armed Forces, underscoring the strong defense ties.| India-Bangladesh Relations in Defence | |
| Joint Exercises | Regular military exercises such as Sampriti (Army) and Bongo Sagar (Navy) to enhance cooperation. |
| Strategic Cooperation | Review of the cooperation with 5 Annual Defence Dialogue and 4th Tri-Services Talks in 2023 |
| Security and Border Management | Focus on addressing common security threats with DG Level talks between Border Guarding Forces and Drugs Control Agencies. |
| Multilateral Cooperation | Both countries are members of SAARC, BIMSTEC, and the Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA). |
India-Bangladesh Cultural Cooperation
Cultural cooperation plays a significant role in strengthening India-Bangladesh relations. The shared cultural heritage, including language, music, and dance, forms a strong foundation for people-to-people contacts, fostering India-Bangladesh relations. Institutions such as the Indira Gandhi Cultural Centre in Dhaka promote cultural exchange through various programs and events. Further, a Bangladesh Youth Delegation 2022 was launched to attract Bangladeshi talent, followed by a 100-member delegation visiting India in February 2024.Challenges to India’s Security Due to Bangladesh Unrest
The unrest in Bangladesh poses several challenges to India's internal security. The possible rise of radical groups and cross-border terrorism linked to the unrest can further complicate the security landscape. Here are possible threats to India’s security due to the Bangladesh political crisis:- Rise of Extremism : Increased activity of radical groups due to political instability.
- Cross-Border Terrorism: Potential for terrorist groups to use Bangladesh as a base for attacks.
- Illegal Migration : A surge in refugees similar to the 1971 crisis could strain resources in Indian border states.
- Political Instability: A new government may include radical elements, complicating India-Bangladesh relations.
- Regional Geopolitical Dynamics: Opportunities for Pakistan and China to increase influence in Bangladesh.
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India-Bangladesh Relations FAQs
What is the total border length between India and Bangladesh?
The total border length between India and Bangladesh is approximately 4,096 kilometers.
What is the main issue between India and Bangladesh?
The main issues include border security, illegal migration, and water-sharing disputes.
How many Indian states share a border with Bangladesh?
Five Indian states share a border with Bangladesh: West Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram.
Why is India important for Bangladesh?
India is important for Bangladesh due to strong trade ties, shared cultural heritage, and strategic cooperation in various sectors.
What is the trade relationship between India and Bangladesh?
Bangladesh is India's largest trading partner in South Asia, with bilateral trade amounting to approximately USD 14.01 billion in FY 2023-24.
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