Principles of Management Class 12 BST

Principles of Management Class 12: Management is an important part of every organisation. Whether it is a business, school, hospital, or government office, proper management is necessary to run things smoothly. In the Principles of Management Class 12, students learn how managers use different principles to make decisions and lead teams in the right direction. These principles are not fixed rules but flexible guidelines that can be changed as per the situation.

Below, we’ve mentioned all topics related to the Principles of Management Class 12 from the Business Studies syllabus. We’ll also understand the difference between Henri Fayol Principles and Taylor’s scientific management, along with a short comparison of Fayol vs Taylor. These notes will help students prepare well for their exam.

What are the Principles of Management?

The Principles of Management Class 12 refers to the basic rules or truths that guide managers in handling different situations. These principles help in planning, organising, leading, and controlling activities in a business.

They are different from principles in science. Scientific principles are fixed and tested in labs. But management principles are flexible and based on human behaviour. Managers use these principles according to the needs of the moment.

Enroll Now For Commerce Class 12

Nature of Management Principles

Understanding the Principles of Management Class 12 helps students understand the core guidelines that influence business decisions and managerial practices. These principles serve as the foundation of effective and organised management across industries.

Universal Application: These principles can be used in all types of organisations, whether small or large.

General Guidelines: Management Principles provide broad suggestions and not just fixed solutions.

Developed through Experience: These principles are based on the experiences of many managers.

Flexible: They can be changed or adjusted as per the situation.

Based on Human Behaviour: These principles help in managing people at work.

Cause and Effect Relationship: They show the likely results of using a particular method.

Depends on Situation: Managers must apply these principles depending on the situation.

Importance of Principles of Management Class 12

These principles provide a structured approach to decision-making, guiding managers in planning, organising, and leading effectively. They form the backbone of business operations and help maintain consistency in managerial actions.

Gives Useful Knowledge: These principles help managers in understanding the real situations.

Helps in Using Resources Properly: They support the efficient use of money, material, and manpower.

Supports Adapting to Change: Managers can handle changes in business using these principles.

Helps in Making Better Decisions: As they are based on logic and experience, they lead to better choices.

Supports Social Responsibility: They guide managers in doing business with care for society.

Base for Management Learning: These principles are important for anyone who wants to study management.

F.W. Taylor’s Scientific Management

Frederick Winslow Taylor, also known as F.W. Taylor, introduced the idea of scientific management. His aim was to improve the efficiency of workers. He focused on work at the factory level.

Principles by Taylor:

F.W. Taylor gave four key principles that form the base of scientific management. These principles are part of the Principles of Management Class 12 syllabus and should be studied with simple examples.

Science, Not Rule of Thumb: Earlier, managers used to solve problems based on their personal judgment. This method was called the rule of thumb. But Taylor said every task should be done using scientific methods, not guesswork.

Harmony, Not Discord: There should be peace between managers and workers. Both must work together with mutual respect. Many times, workers feel they are underpaid, while managers think workers are not serious. Taylor suggested that both should understand each other and build a harmonious relationship.

Cooperation, Not Individualism: This principle focuses on teamwork. Taylor said both workers and managers must work together instead of doing things individually. Managers should take suggestions from workers, and workers should support the company’s goals.

Development of Workers: Every worker should be trained and supported to become more skilled. Taylor said the company should focus on both the growth of the organisation and the development of employees.

Techniques by Taylor:

In the Principles of Management Class 12 notes, Taylor suggested several practical techniques that can be used to apply scientific management in factories or workplaces. These techniques help to save time, increase output, and reduce costs.

Functional Foremanship: In this system, Taylor divided the factory into two departments:

• Planning Department: Handles how the work should be done

• Production Department: Handles the actual doing of the work

Each department had 4 experts. That means 8 specialists in total who guide and supervise workers. This avoids confusion and makes sure that workers are supported by skilled supervisors.

Standardisation & Simplification: Standardisation means fixing specific methods, tools, and working conditions to bring uniformity in work. Simplification means removing unnecessary types or sizes of products. Together, these help in reducing waste, improving product quality, and saving time and money.

Method Study: This study is done to find out the best way to do a job. Taylor believed that every task has one best method, and this should be found and taught to all workers. For example, a delivery boy can be trained on the fastest route to reduce delivery time.

Motion Study: This study focuses on the movements of workers during work. It identifies useful, useless, and unnecessary movements. By removing unwanted movements, workers can save time and energy.

Time Study: Time study means deciding the standard time needed to complete a task. This helps in planning the number of workers needed and in deciding wages. For example, if packaging a product takes 2 minutes, a manager can plan how many workers are needed to complete 100 packages in an hour.

Fatigue Study: The Fatigue study identifies how much rest a worker needs to avoid getting tired. It checks the number, timing, and length of rest breaks. Proper rest improves productivity and health.

Differential Piece Wage System: In this system, workers are paid according to their performance:

• Efficient workers who meet or exceed targets get a higher wage rate.
• Inefficient workers get a lower wage rate.

This encourages workers to perform better and rewards productivity.

Example:

• Target = 15 units/day
• Standard rate = ₹100 per unit
• Efficient worker makes 17 units = ₹1700 (17×100)
• Inefficient worker makes 12 units = ₹960 (12×80)

Henri Fayol Principles

Henri Fayol was a French management thinker who focused on top-level management. He gave 14 principles.

Difference Between Fayol vs Taylor

Below, we’ve mentioned the key difference between Fayol vs Taylor:

The Principles of Management Class 12 topic clearly explains how managers can handle responsibilities by using both Henri Fayol principles and scientific management by Taylor. While Fayol focused on managing the whole organisation, Taylor focused on improving work at the factory level.

Students can refer to this as part of their BST Class 12 notes. These principles are easy to understand and apply in real life. Learning about the Principles of Management Class 12 helps build a base for future studies and careers in business and management.

To revise this chapter better, students should go through their BST Class 12 notes and make short points for each principle. Understanding the Fayol vs Taylor comparison also helps in scoring well in exams.

The Principles of Management Class 12 chapter is not only about definitions. It teaches the ways of working in teams, planning better, and solving problems in a smart way. With regular revision and practice, students can do well in this part of the syllabus.