Class 12 Economics 2025-26, Chapters, Marks Distribution, Preparation Tips
Class 12 Economics is the mandatory subject for CBSE Commerce students. Check here Class 12 Economics chapters, marks distribution, and preparation tips to perform well in exams.
Mridula Sharma12 Apr, 2025
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CBSE Class 12 Economics 2025-26: Class 12 Economics covers two main branches, Microeconomics and Macroeconomics, which have a significant impact on individuals, society, government, and businesses. Students need to study the Class 12 Economics subject diligently and can rely on Class 12 Economics study materials to revise crucial topics and comprehend complex concepts more easily.
These Class 12 Economics study materials present the information more simply, facilitating better understanding before exams.
Class 12 Economics 2025-26
Commerce Class 12 can be a stressful time for students, causing a lot of anxiety. The pressure mainly comes from the importance placed on Class 12 marks for future opportunities. For instance, the subject Economics in Class 12 holds significant weight in determining which college and subjects a student can pursue for higher studies.
Additionally, it influences the career paths available to them. This can create immense pressure on students. Economics, as a subject, is crucial for understanding the world around us, focusing on business, markets, and government, and how they affect the country's economy.Class 12 Economics Marks Distribution
The marks weightage of each chapter in Class 12 Economics is given in the table below:
| Class 12 Economics Marks Distribution | ||
| Units | Units Name | Marks |
| Part A - Introductory Macroeconomics | ||
| 1 | National Income and Related Aggregates | 10 |
| 2 | Money and Banking | 6 |
| 3 | Determination of Income and Employment | 12 |
| 4 | Government Budget and the Economy | 6 |
| 5 | Balance of Payments | 6 |
| Total | 40 | |
| Part B - Indian Economic Development | ||
| 1 | Development Experience (1947-90) and Economic Reforms since 1991 | 12 |
| 2 | Current Challenges facing Indian Economy | 20 |
| 3 | Development Experience of India – A Comparison with Neighbours | 8 |
| Total | 40 | |
Class 12 Economics Chapters
The overview of each chapter in the Class 12 Economics Syllabus is given below:Part I
Chapter 1: Introduction to Economics
Get introduced to economics, understanding its scope, reasons behind economic problems, and the differentiation between micro and macroeconomics.Chapter 2: Consumer Equilibrium
Learn how consumers manage their budgets, make choices based on utility, and achieve equilibrium between what they want and what they can afford.Chapter 3: Demand
Understand the dynamics of market demand, the law of demand, and factors influencing changes in demand.Chapter 4: Elasticity of Demand
Explore the concept of demand elasticity and its impact on pricing and consumer behavior.Chapter 5: Production
Discover the fundamentals of production, including input-output relationships, and measures of productivity.Chapter 6: Cost
Understand the various costs involved in production, such as total and variable costs, and their implications for businesses.Chapter 7: Supply
Explore how factors like technology and input prices affect the supply of goods and services in the market.Chapter 8: Revenue
Learn about different types of revenue and their significance for firms operating in various industries.Chapter 9: Producer Equilibrium
Understand how producers optimize their operations to achieve equilibrium between marginal revenue and marginal cost.Chapter 10: Perfect Competition
Explore the characteristics of perfectly competitive markets, including homogeneous products and price-taking behavior.Chapter 11: Non-Competitive Market
Learn about monopolistic competition and its impact on market structures and profits.Chapter 12: Market Equilibrium and Simple Application
Understand how market forces of supply and demand interact to determine equilibrium prices and quantities.Part II
Chapter 1: Introduction to Macroeconomics and Its Concepts
Gain insights into macroeconomic principles, including historical events like the Great Depression and features of capitalist economies.Chapter 2: National Income and Related Aggregates
Explore concepts like national income, factor payments, and inventory management in the context of macroeconomic analysis.Chapter 3: Money
Learn about the role of money in an economy, including its functions, forms, and supply mechanisms.Chapter 4: Banking
Understand the functions of banks and their role in the monetary system, including money creation and regulation.Chapter 5: Aggregate Demand and Its Related Concepts
Explore the determinants of aggregate demand, including consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports.Chapter 6: National Income Determination and Multiplier
Understand the factors influencing national income levels and the concept of the multiplier effect in economic policy.Chapter 7: Excess Demand and Deficient Demand
Learn about economic imbalances such as excess demand, inflationary gaps, and their implications for macroeconomic stability.Chapter 8: Government Budget and Economy
Explore the role of government in managing the economy through budgetary policies, including revenue and expenditure decisions.Chapter 9: Foreign Exchange Rate
Understand the mechanisms of foreign exchange markets, including exchange rate determination and risks associated with currency trading.Chapter 10: Balance of Payment
Learn about the components of the balance of payments and their significance for assessing a country's economic health and international trade position.Class 12 Economics Preparation Tips
Here are some tips to help students prepare effectively for their Class 12 Economics exam:
- Create and stick to a study plan, breaking down the Class 12 Economics syllabus into smaller parts with allocated time for each section.
- Prioritize your studies based on the weightage of each Class 12 Economics chapter, focusing more on the ones with higher marks.
- Solve Class 12 Economics previous year question papers to understand the Class 12 Economics exam pattern and question types and improve time management skills.
- Take regular breaks between study sessions to relax and improve your focus
- Revise regularly to reinforce concepts, and create Class 12 Economics study notes for frequent revision.
- Take care of your mental & physical health by getting enough sleep, eating well, & exercising regularly to reduce stress levels and improve concentration.
- Seek help from teachers, mentors, or peers without hesitation for valuable guidance and support.
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Class 12 Economics FAQs
Is Class 12 Economics tough?
The Class 12 economics exam was moderately difficult, with some critical thinking questions, particularly in the MCQ section.
How to score full marks in class 12 Economics Class?
To score full marks in Class 12 Economics, one should check the Class 12 Economics syllabus and Class 12 Economics exam pattern, follow the recommended books, understand definitions and meanings, grasp the importance of graphs, tables, and formulas, create a study plan, and make quick short notes of important concepts.
Which is the hardest chapter in Class 12 Economics?
The hardest chapters in Class 12 Economics are Development, Sectors of Indian Economy, Money and Credit, and Globalization and the Indian Economy.
How can I study Class 12 Economics smartly?
To study Class 12 Economics smartly, you can watch online lectures, complete massive open online courses, read economics books, and research economics articles. These activities provide valuable learning opportunities and can enhance your understanding of the subject.
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