CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 3 Metals and Non Metals PDF Download

CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 3 : As students of Class 10, you all might be gearing up for your first board exams now. While the syllabus might seem overwhelming with so much to learn in subjects like Science, staying organized is key to performing your best. This study resource aims to help you do just that by providing a comprehensive set of notes for Chapter 3 - Metals and Non Metals from your Science textbook.

CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 1

CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 3 Overview

CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 2

CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 3

1) Introduction to Metals and Non-Metals:

• Luster: Metals have a shiny appearance.
• Conductivity: They conduct heat and electricity.
• Malleability: Metals can be hammered into thin sheets.
• Ductility: They can be drawn into thin wires.

• Dull Appearance: Non-metals lack a shiny appearance.
• Poor Conductors: They are generally poor conductors of heat and electricity.
• Brittle: Non-metals are usually not malleable or ductile.

CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 3 PDF Download

2) Physical Properties of Metals:

3) Chemical Properties of Metals:

4) Reactivity Series:

• Predicting the outcomes of displacement reactions.
• Understanding the relative reactivity of metals.

5) Formation of Ionic Compounds:

6) Uses of Metals:

• Iron and steel in construction.
• Aluminum in transportation and packaging.
• Copper in electrical wiring.

7) Alloys:

• Brass: Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn)
• Steel: Iron (Fe) and Carbon (C)

8) Corrosion and Its Prevention:

• Coating with protective layers (painting).
• Galvanization (coating with a layer of zinc).
• Using corrosion-resistant alloys.

9) Introduction to Non-Metals:

10) Physical and Chemical Properties of Non-Metals:

• Dull appearance.
• Poor conductors of heat and electricity.
• Can exist in different states (solid, liquid, gas).

• React with oxygen to form non-metal oxides.
• React with acids to produce gases.

• Oxygen for respiration.
• Nitrogen in fertilizers.
• Carbon as the basis of organic compounds and fuels.

11) Metalloids:

12) Comparison Between Metals and Non-Metals:

• Physical appearance (shiny vs. dull).
• Conductivity (good vs. poor).
• Malleability and ductility (present vs. absent).

13) Significance of the Periodic Table:

CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 3 PDF

CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 12

CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 3 Important Questions

• Applying a protective coating (painting)
• Galvanization (coating with a layer of zinc)
• Using corrosion-resistant alloys

• Ferrous metals: These are metals that contain iron. Examples include iron and steel.
• Non-ferrous metals: These are metals that do not contain iron. Examples include copper, aluminum, and gold.

• Oxygen is essential for respiration.
• Nitrogen is used in fertilizers.
• Carbon is the basis of organic compounds and fuels.

• Metals: Shiny, conductive, malleable, ductile.
• Non-metals: Dull, poor conductors, not malleable or ductile.

CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 3 Extra Questions

• Properties:
  • Alloys often exhibit enhanced properties compared to pure metals, such as increased strength, hardness, and resistance to corrosion.
  • Pure metals may be softer and more susceptible to corrosion.
• Composition:
  • Pure metals consist of only one type of metal atom.
  • Alloys consist of a combination of different types of atoms, often including metals and non-metals.
• Melting Point:
  • Alloys may have different melting points compared to pure metals, sometimes higher or lower depending on the specific alloy.
• Applications:
  • Alloys are widely used in various applications where specific properties are required, such as in the automotive industry (e.g., steel), aerospace industry, and construction.
  • Pure metals are used when certain properties like conductivity or malleability are crucial, such as in electrical wiring (copper) or jewelry (gold).

• Sodium (Na): Sodium is a highly reactive metal that reacts vigorously with oxygen and moisture in the air. Storing sodium in kerosene oil prevents its immediate reaction with these elements.
• Potassium (K): Similar to sodium, potassium is a highly reactive metal that can react with atmospheric moisture and oxygen. Storing potassium in kerosene oil prevents rapid oxidation.

1. Formation of Iron Oxide: Iron reacts with oxygen (from the air) and water to form iron oxide (rust).
2. 4Fe+3O2+6H2O→4Fe(OH)34Fe+3O2​+6H2​O→4Fe(OH)3​
3. Formation of Rust: The initial product undergoes further oxidation to form hydrated iron(III) oxide, commonly known as rust (Fe2O3·xH2O).

• Weakening: Rust is a porous and flaky material that does not adhere well to the iron surface. This weakens the iron structure over time.
• Disintegration: The expansion of rust can lead to the disintegration of iron structures, causing damage.
• Reduced Strength: The presence of rust reduces the structural integrity and strength of iron.

• Organization: The periodic table organizes elements based on their atomic number, electron configuration, and chemical properties. This organization allows for a systematic study of elements.
• Prediction of Properties: Elements in the same group (vertical column) often exhibit similar chemical properties. The periodic table allows scientists to predict the properties of elements based on their location.
• Identification of Trends: Trends in properties, such as atomic size, electronegativity, and reactivity, can be identified by observing elements across periods (horizontal rows) and down groups.
• Valuable Information: The periodic table provides essential information about each element, including its symbol, atomic number, atomic mass, and electron configuration.
• Basis for Chemical Reactions: Understanding the arrangement of elements in the periodic table is fundamental for predicting and explaining chemical reactions. It helps in identifying trends in reactivity and the formation of compounds.