CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 5 Periodic Classification of Elements

CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 5: The classification of elements has been one of the most fascinating areas of discovery in chemistry. When Dmitri Mendeleev first introduced his periodic table in 1869, it seemed to offer order and logic to the diverse array of known elements despite some gaps in knowledge.

CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 1

CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 5 Overview

CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 2

CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 3

CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapt er 5

1. Introduction:

• The periodic table is a systematic arrangement of elements based on their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties.
• The historical development of the periodic table involves contributions from scientists like Mendeleev and Moseley.

2. Mendeleev's Periodic Table:

• Dmitri Mendeleev organized elements based on atomic masses.
• Gaps were left for undiscovered elements, and this arrangement allowed predictions of properties for yet-to-be-discovered elements.

3. Modern Periodic Table:

• Henry Moseley's work led to the modern periodic table, which organizes elements based on atomic numbers.
• Periods (horizontal rows) and groups (vertical columns) are explained, providing a systematic arrangement.

4. Trends in the Periodic Table:

• Atomic size decreases across periods and increases down groups.
• Ionization energy generally increases across periods and decreases down groups.
• Electronegativity follows a similar trend, increasing across periods and decreasing down groups.
• Metallic character decreases across periods and increases down groups.

5. Groups and Periods:

• Groups represent vertical columns with similar chemical properties.
• Periods represent horizontal rows with an increasing number of electron shells.

6. Noble Gases:

• Noble gases in Group 18 are inert and chemically stable due to their full outer electron shells.

7. Electronic Configuration:

• The relationship between electronic configuration and the periodic table is crucial for understanding an element's chemical behavior.

8. Properties of Metals and Non-Metals:

• Metals, found on the left side, generally have high melting points, conductivity, and malleability.
• Non-metals, found on the right side, exhibit opposite properties.
• Metalloids share characteristics of both metals and non-metals.

9. Reactivity of Elements:

• Alkali metals (Group 1) exhibit increased reactivity down the group.
• Halogens (Group 17) are highly reactive non-metals.

10. Significance of the Periodic Table:

• Predicting properties of elements and their behavior in chemical reactions.
• Identifying trends in physical and chemical behavior.

11. Lanthanides and Actinides:

• These series of elements are placed at the bottom of the periodic table, and they are transition metals with unique properties.

12. Periodic Table and Electronic Configuration:

• Understanding the electronic configuration of elements helps correlate with their positions in the periodic table.
• Representative elements in Groups 1, 2, and 13 to 18 show diverse properties.

13. Application in Chemistry:

• The periodic table is practically useful in various fields of chemistry.
• Predicting reactions and understanding chemical behavior become more efficient with its application.

14. Importance in Daily Life:

• Elements from the periodic table have diverse applications in everyday life.
• The periodic table is fundamental to understanding the materials we encounter daily.

15. Revision and Notes:

• The summary emphasizes key concepts for effective revision.
• Physics Wallah Class 10 Science Chapter 5 Notes are designed to assist in preparation.

CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 5 PDF

CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 5 Important Questions