The difference between primary and secondary metabolites is crucial for understanding various biological processes, making it an important topic for the NEET exam and NEET syllabus .
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Primary metabolites, such as amino acids, carbohydrates, and proteins, are essential for an organism's growth and normal metabolic activities. On the other hand, secondary metabolites , like alkaloids, pigments, and antibiotics, are not vital for survival but play roles in defense and ecological interactions.
Major Difference Between Primary and Secondary Metabolites | ||
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Feature | Primary Metabolites | Secondary Metabolites |
Definition | Compounds essential for growth, development, and reproduction. | End products not directly involved in growth, development, and reproduction. |
Among Organisms | Most primary metabolites are similar across many organisms. | Secondary metabolites are numerous and can vary widely among different species. |
Origin | Produced during the growth phase of the cell. | Produced during the non-growth phase of the cell. |
Quantity | Produced in large quantities. | Accumulated in much smaller quantities compared to primary metabolites. |
Phase of Production | Primary metabolites are formed during the 'trophophase.' | Secondary metabolites are produced in the 'idiophase.' |
Involvement in Defense Reactions | Do not participate in defense reactions. | Most secondary metabolites play a role in defense mechanisms against pathogens and herbivores. |
Examples | Proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids are key primary metabolites. | Alkaloids, phenolics, sterols, steroids, essential oils, and lignins are examples of secondary metabolites. |