Difference Between Sympathetic And Parasympathetic with Importance

Difference Between Sympathetic and Parasympathetic: The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are integral to the autonomic nervous system. They regulate involuntary bodily functions. The sympathetic system triggers the "fight or flight" response in stressful situations, increasing heart rate and preparing the body for action.

In contrast, the parasympathetic system induces the "rest and digest" state during relaxation and promotes activities like digestion and slowing the heart rate. These systems, with different roles and neurotransmitters, collaboratively maintain physiological balance. They ensure adaptability to diverse environmental stimuli and overall well-being. Read this article for complete details about the difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic.

Difference Between Sympathetic And Parasympathetic Overview

The autonomic nervous system comprises two divisions, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, which serve opposing functions. The sympathetic nervous system acts like a car's accelerator, preparing the body for vigorous physical activity and triggering the “fight-or-flight” response when confronted with a perceived threat. The parasympathetic nervous system functions like a car's brake pedal, overseeing homeostasis and regulating the body during rest periods. It is integral to the “rest-and-digest” function, as it actively inhibits or decelerates various high-energy physiological processes                               

Difference Between Sympathetic And Parasympathetic

There are two branches of the autonomic nervous system. The parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems are these branches. The table distinguishes between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

Explore - NEET Online Courses by PW

Sympathetic Nervous System 

The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is part of the autonomic nervous system and prepares the body for stressful conditions. It is located in the spinal cord near the lumbar and thoracic regions. The SNS can control critical physiological functions by triggering the body's fight or flight response. This response is activated when the body perceives a threat or attack on its survival.

The SNS enhances physical speed, tension, and alertness. The heart beats more quickly and contracts more forcefully. The SNS also facilitates the release of adrenaline from the adrenal gland. Adrenaline regulates the body's fight-or-flight response.

The SNS works through a network of interconnected neurons. Sympathetic neurons connect with peripheral sympathetic neurons through sympathetic ganglia. Preganglionic neurons are the sympathetic neurons located in the spinal cord. Postganglionic neurons are the counterparts of peripheral sympathetic neurons.

Preganglionic neurons release acetylcholine, which binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on postganglionic neurons. In response, postganglionic neurons produce noradrenaline. Noradrenaline and adrenaline produced by the adrenal gland bind to adrenergic receptors. This binding helps to respond to the fight-or-flight phase.

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Parasympathetic is a branch of the autonomic nervous system. It conserves energy when the body is at rest, eating, or calm. It is located between the medulla and the spinal cord. It causes the gastrointestinal tract's glands and intestinal activity to rise and the heart rate to slow. The body's general functioning depends on the parasympathetic nervous system.

The parasympathetic nervous system is organized similarly to the sympathetic nervous system. It consists of preganglionic and postganglionic neurons. These neurons are located in the brainstem or lateral horn of the spinal cord. The preganglionic axon originates in the brainstem and projects to the parasympathetic ganglia. These ganglia are located near the heart or brain, and in organs such as the trachea, gastrointestinal tract, bronchial tubes, or urinary bladder.

Parasympathetic regulation of organs includes the following:

• Lacrimal or tear glands, which supply tears to the eye cornea;
• Nasal mucous glands, which produce mucus through the nasal air passage;
• Salivary glands, which produce saliva;
• Heart, which decreases heart rate and stroke volume;
• Gastrointestinal tract, which increases motility and secretion;
• Bronchial tubes, which constrict;
• Urinary bladder, which contracts.

With Physics Wallah, get the NEET online coaching for the rigorous medical exam. The online coaching provides experienced and knowledgeable teachers who focus on the subjects needed for the NEET exam. Elevate your NEET preparation with Physics Wallah, enroll now!