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Difference Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
What are 5 differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells do not have a true nucleus, while eukaryotic cells do. Prokaryotes are smaller, have circular DNA, and divide by binary fission, whereas eukaryotes are larger, have linear DNA, and divide by mitosis or meiosis.
What are prokaryotes and eukaryotes in NEET?
Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms without a true nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, like bacteria and archaea. Eukaryotes have a true nucleus and organelles, including plants, animals, fungi, and protists.
Do eukaryotes have a cell membrane?
Yes, eukaryotic cells have a cell membrane, also called the plasma membrane. It is made of a phospholipid bilayer with proteins that protect the cell’s insides.
What is the difference between the cell membrane of prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Both types of cells have a cell membrane, but eukaryotic cells also have membrane-bound organelles, which prokaryotes do not. Eukaryotic membranes are part of a more complex internal system.
Do eukaryotes have DNA?
Yes, eukaryotes have DNA stored in the nucleus as linear chromosomes. This DNA is associated with proteins called histones and organized into chromatin.
Difference Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells with Examples
Difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells with examples, are provided below for NEET aspirants. Students can study these prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells notes to excel in the NEET exam.
Khushboo Goyal9 Jun, 2025
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Difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells: Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are important topics for theNEET exam . A study of the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in tabular form makes the topic easier when preparing for the NEET exam. Prokaryotic cells are simple and do not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. They are usually smaller and less complex than eukaryotic cells, which do have a nucleus and organelles like mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus. The article below explains Difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells in detail, along with examples.
A prokaryotic cell is a type of cell that does not have a true nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. These cells are found in organisms like bacteria and archaea. Unlike eukaryotic cells, which have a defined nucleus and different organelles surrounded by membranes, prokaryotic cells have their genetic material floating freely in the cytoplasm.
Prokaryotic cells reproduce asexually through a process called binary fission, where one cell splits into two identical cells. Despite their simple structure, prokaryotic cells are very diverse and can live in many different environments, including extreme heat and high salt levels.
What is Eukaryotic Cell?
A eukaryotic cell is a type of cell that has a clearly defined nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane. This nucleus contains the cell's genetic material, or chromosomes. Eukaryotic cells also have various organelles, like mitochondria (which produce energy), the Golgi apparatus (which processes and packages proteins), and the endoplasmic reticulum (which makes proteins and lipids).
These cells are found in many organisms, including animals, plants, fungi, and protists, making them larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells, which do not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles.
Difference Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
To help NEET aspirants understand the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, The table below provides a Difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells to aid in your NEET exam preparation.
Difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic cells are simpler and smaller than eukaryotic cells, lacking a defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. They are primarily unicellular and are divided into two main groups: bacteria and archaea. Some Examples of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells are as follows:
Prokaryotic Cells
Bacteria :
Escherichia coli (E. coli): A common bacterium found in the intestines of humans and other animals.
Staphylococcus aureus : A bacterium that can cause various infections.
Archaea :
Methanogens : Microorganisms that produce methane and are found in anaerobic environments, such as swamps.
Halophiles : Salt-loving organisms found in high-salinity environments, like salt lakes.
Eukaryotic Cells
Animal Cells :
Human cells: Such as muscle cells or nerve cells.
Red blood cells: Cells responsible for transporting oxygen in the bloodstream.
Plant Cells :
Leaf cells: Contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis.
Root cells: Specialized for water and nutrient absorption.
Fungal Cells :
Yeast: Single-celled fungi used in baking and brewing.
Mold: Multicellular fungi found on decaying organic matter.
Protist Cells :
Amoeba : A single-celled organism that moves using pseudopodia.
Paramecium : A ciliated protist found in freshwater environments.
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