CBSE Class 10 Social Science Geography Notes Chapter 4 Agriculture

CBSE Class 10 Social Science Geography Notes Chapter 4

CBSE Class 10 Social Science Geography Notes Chapter 4: India's population of two-thirds is involved in agriculture. The majority of the food raw materials used by several businesses are produced by agriculture, which is the main industry. CBSE Class 10 Social Science Geography Notes Chapter 4 will cover the different kinds of farming, cropping patterns, and main crops grown in India.

CBSE Class 10 Social Science Geography Notes Chapter 4 PDF

CBSE Class 10 Social Science Geography Notes Chapter 4 PDF

CBSE Class 10 Social Science Geography Notes Chapter 4 Agriculture

Types of Farming

Primitive Subsistence Farming

• This kind of agriculture has low land productivity.
• This kind of cultivation is monsoon dependent.
• A small portion of India is home to this type of farming.

CBSE Class 10 Sample Paper

Intensive Subsistence Farming

• This kind of farming is done in places where there is a lot of population strain on the land.
• High dosages of biochemical fertilisers and irrigation are employed in this labor-intensive agricultural method to increase yield.

Commercial Farming

Cropping Pattern

• Rabi
• Kharif
• Zaid

Major Crops in India

• Rice
• Wheat
• Millets
• Pulses
• Tea
• Coffee
• Sugarcane
• oil seeds
• Cotton
• Jute

Rice

• This crop is Kharif.
• It needs high humidity, high temperatures, and more than 100 cm of yearly rainfall.
• After China, India is the world's second-largest producer of rice.
• It is grown in deltaic regions, coastal locations, and the plains of northeastern and northern India.

Wheat

• It's a Rabi crop here.
• When it comes to ripening, it needs strong sunshine and a cool growing season.
• It needs 50 to 75 centimetres of yearly precipitation spread evenly throughout the growing season.
• India's two principal wheat-growing regions are the northwest Ganga-Satluj plains and the Deccan's black soil region.
• In the northern and northwestern regions of India, it is the principal food crop and the second-most significant cereal crop.

Millets

• Jowar, Bajra and Ragi are the important millets grown in India.
• These are known as coarse grains and have very high nutritional value.

Maize

• This crop is Kharif.
• It flourishes in old alluvial soil and needs temperatures between 21°C and 27°C to thrive.
• It serves as both sustenance and fodder.
• Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana are the states that produce the most maize.

Pulses

• The world's biggest producer and consumer of pulses is India.
• The main source of protein in a vegetarian diet is pulses.
• India grows a variety of pulses, including Tur (Arhar), Urad, Moong, Masur, Peas, and Gram.
• The majority of the time, pulses are planted in tandem with other crops to replenish soil fertility.
• The states of Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, and Karnataka are major producers of pulses.

Food Crops other than Grains

Sugarcane

• This crop is both tropical and subtropical in nature.
• It thrives in hot, humid regions with annual rainfall between 75 and 100 cm and temperatures between 21 and 27°C.
• It grows well in a range of soil types.
• Human work is required for planting through harvesting.
• Only after Brazil is India the world's second-largest producer of sugarcane.
• The primary source of sugar, molasses, gur (jaggery), and khansari is sugarcane.
• Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Bihar, Punjab, and Haryana are the states that produce the most sugarcane.

Oil Seeds

• Groundnut: is a Kharif crop and accounts for half of the major oilseeds produced in India. Gujarat is the largest producer of groundnuts.
• Mustard: is a rabi crop.
• Sesamum (til): is a Kharif crop in the north and rabi crop in south India.
• Castor seeds: It is grown as both Rabi and Kharif crop.
• Linseed : is a rabi crop.
• Coconut
• Soyabean
• Cotton seeds
• Sunflower

Tea

• The British introduced this significant crop for beverages to India.
• Tropical and subtropical regions with deep, fertile, well-drained soil that is rich in humus and organic matter are ideal for tea plant growth.
• Tea bushes need a year-round climate that is warm, humid, and free of frost.
• The tea industry is labor-intensive.
• Assam, the highlands of Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri districts, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala are the states that produce the most tea.

Coffee

Horticulture Crops

• Mangoes of Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal Oranges of Nagpur and Cherrapunjee (Meghalaya), bananas of Kerala, Mizoram, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu.
• Lichi and Guava of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar
• Pineapples of Meghalaya
• Grapes of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Maharashtra
• Apples, pears, apricots and walnuts of Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh

Non-Food Crops

Technological and Institutional Reforms

Some initiatives taken by the Government are:

• Programmes launched by the government, including the Personal Accident Insurance Plan (PAIS) and the Kissan Credit Card (KCC).
• There were created special weather briefings and TV and radio agricultural shows for farmers.
• The government additionally declares the procurement, remunerative, and minimum support prices for significant crops in order to prevent middlemen and speculators from taking advantage of farmers.

Contribution of Agriculture to the National Economy, Employment and Output

• Approximately 52% of all workers were involved in the farming industry in 2010–11. Agriculture's contribution to GDP is decreasing.
• The government has implemented several initiatives to improve Indian agriculture, including the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), agricultural universities, veterinary services, animal breeding centres, horticulture development, research and development in the field of meteorology and weather forecasting, etc.