CBSE Class 10 Social Science Geography Notes Chapter 2 Forest and Wildlife Resources

CBSE Class 10 Social Science Geography Notes Chapter 2

CBSE Class 10 Social Science Geography Notes Chapter 2: All other living things and we humans together make up the intricate network known as an ecological system. Chapter 2 of Class 10 Geography begins with an overview of India's flora and fauna. The chapter then goes on to explain how crucial forests are to the biological system and how we can protect India's forests and wildlife.

CBSE Class 10 Social Science Geography Notes Chapter 2 PDF

CBSE Class 10 Social Science Geography Notes Chapter 2 PDF

CBSE Class 10 Social Science Geography Notes Chapter 2 Forest and Wildlife Resources

Flora and Fauna in India

• Normal species: Species whose population levels are considered to be normal for their survival, such as cattle, sal, pine, rodents, etc.
• Endangered species: These species are in danger of extinction. For example, species are black buck, crocodile, Indian wild ass, Indian rhino, lion-tailed macaque, sangai (brow anter deer in Manipur), etc.
• Vulnerable species: These are species whose population has declined to levels that it is likely to move into the endangered category shortly if it continue to decline in the same manner. E.g., Blue sheep, Asiatic elephant, Gangetic dolphin, etc.
• Rare species: Species with a small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category if the negative factors affecting them continue to operate. Examples of such species are the Himalayan brown bear, wild Asiatic buffalo, desert fox hornbill, etc.
• Endemic species: These are species that are only found in some particular areas, usually isolated by natural or geographical barriers. Examples of such species are the Andaman teal, Nicobar pigeon, Andaman wild pig, and Mithun in Arunachal Pradesh.
• Extinct species: These species may be extinct from a local area, region, country, continent, or the entire earth. E.g., Asiatic cheetah, pink head duck.

Negative factors that cause such fearful depletion of the flora and fauna

• Excessive consumption of natural resources for fulfilling human requirements, such as wood, bark, leaves, rubber, medicines, dyes, food, fuel, fodder, manure, etc.
• The development of mining, commercial and scientific forestry, agriculture, and railroads.
• Extensive project development and mining operations.
• Unequal access, unequal resource usage, and unequal accountability for the health of the environment.

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India

• In order to safeguard habitats, the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act was put into effect in 1972, and a list of all India's protected species was released.
• Additionally, the federal government unveiled a number of initiatives aimed at animal protection. Several hundred butterflies, moths, beetles, and one dragonfly have been added to the list of protected species under the Wildlife Acts of 1980 and 1986.
• Plants were originally included in the list in 1991, when six species were added.

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Resources

Reserved forests: More than half of the total forest land in India has been declared reserved forests.

Protected forests: The Forest Department has declared one-third of the total forest area as protected forest.

Unclassed forests: These are the forests and wastelands that belong to both government and private individuals and communities. North-eastern states and parts of Gujarat have a very high percentage of their forests as unclassed forests.

Community and Conservation

• In Rajasthan's Sariska Tiger Reserve, locals have used the Wildlife Protection Act as justification in their opposition to mining.
• 1,200 hectares of woodland in Rajasthan's Alwar district have been designated as the Bhairodev Dakav 'Sonchuri' by the residents of five villages.
• The customs and laws that villages developed for themselves forbade hunting. In addition, they are defending the wildlife from outside intrusions.
• The famous Chipko movement in the Himalayas was one successful attempt to resist deforestation in several areas. The movement has also resulted in community afforestation.
• It has been demonstrated by farmers and citizen groups like the Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya that it is both feasible and profitable to produce sufficient amounts of varied crops without the use of artificial chemicals.
• One excellent example of integrating local communities in the management and regeneration of degraded forests is the Joint Forest Management (JFM) programme in India.

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