CBSE Class 10 Social Science Geography Notes Chapter 7 Lifelines of National Economy

CBSE Class 10 Social Science Geography Notes Chapter 7

CBSE Class 10 Social Science Geography Notes Chapter 7: A nation's rate of development is determined by the amount of goods and services produced and how they are distributed geographically. With the aid of effective and quick transportation, the world has grown into a sizable village today. India has strong international connections these days.

CBSE Class 10 Social Science Geography Notes Chapter 7 PDF

CBSE Class 10 Social Science Geography Notes Chapter 7 PDF

CBSE Class 10 Social Science Geography Notes Chapter 7 Lifelines of National Economy

Transport

Roadways

• Road construction is significantly less expensive than building railway tracks.
• More geographically challenging areas that the railroads are unable to reach can be covered by roads.
• Roads may readily be built into and through mountains like the Himalayas, allowing them to cover higher grades of slope.
• Transport by road is cost-effective.
• It offers door-to-door service as well.
• Seaports, airports, and train stations are connected via road transportation.
• Based on their capacity, Indian highways are divided into the following six groups.

Golden Quadrilateral Superhighways

National Highways - The Central Public Works Department (CPWD) is responsible for the construction and upkeep of the network of trunk roadways known as the National Highways. Between Delhi and Amritsar, National Highway No. 1 is known as the ancient Sher-Shah Suri Marg.

State Highways - State Highways are the routes that connect several district heads to the state capital. The State Public Works Department (PWD) builds and maintains these highways.

District Roads - The district headquarters and other locations are connected by these highways. The Zila Parishad is in charge of maintaining these roads.

Other Roads - This category includes rural highways that connect villages and rural areas with towns. A major boost to these roads came from the Pradhan Mantri Grameen Sadak Yojana.

Border Roads - The organisation known as Border Roads Organisation builds and maintains roads along the nation's borders. This institution was founded in 1960 with the goal of developing strategically significant roads in the border regions to the north and northeast.

Metalled roads - Bitumen, coal, concrete, or cement can all be used to make metalled roadways. These are weather-resistant roadways.

Unmetalled roads - In the rainy season, unsealed roads are closed.

Railways

• In order to install railway lines, bridges must be built over the broad banks of rivers.
• Railway tracks are buried in low hills, gaps, and tunnels in the peninsula's rough geography.
• Because the Himalayan mountains have the greatest elevation points on Earth, a sparse population, and little economic opportunities, they are also not ideal for the development of railway lines.
• Railway lines are hard to install on sandy areas.

Pipelines

1. From oil field in upper Assam to Kanpur (Uttar Pradesh)

2. From Salaya in Gujarat to Jalandhar in Punjab

3. From Hazira in Gujarat to Jagdishpur in Uttar Pradesh

Waterways

• N.W. No.1 – The Ganga River between Allahabad and Haldia (1620 km).
• N.W. No.2 – The Brahmaputra River between Sadiya and Dhubri (891 km).
• N.W. No.3 – The West-Coast Canal in Kerala (Kottapurma-Kollam, Udyogamandal and Champakkara canals-205 km).
• N.W. No.4 – Specified stretches of Godavari and Krishna rivers along with the Kakinada Puducherry stretch of canals (1078 km).
• N.W. No.5 – Specified stretches of river Brahmani along with Matai river, delta channels of Mahanadi and Brahmani rivers and East Coast Canal (588 km).

Major Sea Ports

• The first port to be established in Kachchh after independence was Kandla. Another name for it is the Deendayal Port.
• The largest port, Mumbai, has a large, naturally sheltered harbour.
• India's top port for exporting iron ore is Marmagao Port (Goa).
• Iron ore exports are handled by the Mangalore Port in Karnataka.
• The farthest southwest port, Kochchi, is situated near a lagoon's entrance.
• The location of Tuticorin Port is at the far southeast.
• One of India's first man-made ports is Chennai.
• The most secure and deepest landlocked port is Visakhapatnam. Paradwip Port, which is in Odisha, is specialised in the export of iron ore.
• Kolkata is a riverine port located inland.
• The purpose of developing Haldia port as a secondary port was to reduce the rising pressure on Kolkata port.

Airways

Communication

International Trade

• A positive trade balance exists when the value of exports exceeds the value of imports.
• An unfavourable trade balance occurs when the value of imports surpasses the value of exports.

Exported from India- India exports a variety of goods to foreign nations, such as jewellery and gems, chemicals and associated goods, agricultural products, and related goods.

Imported to India- India imports a variety of goods, including basic metals, gems and jewellery, petroleum crude and products, electronics, machinery, agricultural products, and allied goods.

Tourism as a Trade

• Encourages the integration of nations.
• Supports regional handicrafts and artistic endeavours.
• Aids in the growth of global awareness of Indian heritage and culture. Travellers from other countries come to India for commercial, medical, adventure, cultural, eco-, and heritage-related reasons.

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