Periodic Table Formula Classifications of Element Formula

"Periodic Table Formula: classification organizes chemical elements based on increasing atomic number, revealing recurring patterns and properties, grouped into periods and families."

Blocks

s-block: Elements: Groups 1 and 2 (Alkali metals and Alkaline earth metals) General electronic configuration: ns ^1-2 Where "n" is the outermost shell.

p-block: Elements: Groups 13 to 18 (Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Halogens, and Noble gases) General electronic configuration: ns ² np ^1-6 "n" can be the second or greater principal quantum number.

d-block: Elements: Transition metals (Groups 3 to 12) General electronic configuration: (n-1) d ^1-10 ns ^0-2 The "d" orbitals being filled belong to an inner shell compared to the "s" orbitals.

f-block: Elements: Lanthanides and Actinides General electronic configuration: (n-2) f ^1-14 (n-1) d ^0-1 ns ² The "f" orbitals being filled are two shells inside compared to the "s" orbitals.

Ionization Energy (IE)

A _(g) →A ⁺ (g) + e ^–

Electron Affinity (EA)

B _(g) + e ⁻ →B ⁻ _(g)

Electronegativity

Also Check – Molar Volume formula

Pauling's Scale

Electronegativity Difference Method: It's a simple method where the type of bond (ionic or covalent) is determined based on the difference in electronegativity values between the two bonded atoms. General Guidelines: If Δχ (difference in electronegativity) is less than 0.5, the bond is typically considered nonpolar covalent. If Δχ is between 0.5 and 1.7, the bond is polar covalent. If Δχ is greater than 1.7, the bond has significant ionic character.

Also Check – Aluminium Acetate Formula

Pauling Electronegativity Difference Method

Linus Pauling provided guidelines to determine the character of a bond based on the difference in electronegativity

Formula for Percent Ionic Character:

Also Check – Periodic Acid formula

Hannay-Smith Electronegativity Difference Method