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The right kidney is positioned slightly lower than the left one. Each kidney has a concave inner surface and a convex outer surface, with a notch called the hilum located in the center of the inner concave surface. The hilum serves as the entry point for the ureter, blood vessels, and nerves. Within the hilum lies the renal pelvis, a funnel-shaped space connected to calyces, which collect urine. The kidneys are further divided into the outer cortex and inner medulla.
The medulla consists of medullary pyramids, conical structures that help in urine formation. Separating these pyramids is the column of Bertini, an extension of the renal cortex. Together, these structures play a crucial role in filtering blood, removing waste, and regulating fluid balance in the body.
