Difference Between Humoral and Cell Mediated Immunity: Humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity are two distinct parts of the body's defense against harmful agents like bacteria, viruses, and toxins. They both rely on lymphoid cells but have significant differences in their work. Obtaining humoral immunity to a specific infection or disease is possible by receiving antibodies from someone previously exposed to the same infection.
This method bypasses the usual humoral response. However, it's important to note that antibody-mediated immunity involves a unique set of molecular components and processes different from those associated with cell-mediated immunity. This article explores the variations between humoral and cell-mediated immunity, detailing their processes, purposes, and essential cell types involved.NEET Biology Syllabus | NEET Biology Diagrams |
NEET Biology MCQ | NEET Biology Chapter wise Weightage |
NEET Biology Notes | NEET Previous Year Question papers |
Difference Between Humoral and Cell Mediated Immunity | ||
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Feature | Humoral Immunity | Cell-Mediated Immunity |
Mediation | Macromolecules in pathogens | T-cells, Lymphocytes |
Activation | Always active in body fluids | Requires triggering by mature T-cells and macrophages |
Mediating Cell | B-cells | Mature T-cells, Lymphocytes |
Components | B-cell and T-cell antibodies | T-Helper cells, T-Cytotoxic cells, NK-cells, Macrophages |
Secretion | Directly secretes body fluids | Produced in bone marrow, matures in thymus, released to body fluids |
Defense Role | First line of defense | Second line of defense |
Memory Development | Short-term memory through immediate responses | Long-term memory after B-cell antibody concentration increases |
Saturation Point | Saturation point after continuous concentration increase | No saturation point, continually recycled through apoptosis |
Action Mechanism | Acts against antigen, doesn't lead to apoptosis of pathogen | Leads to apoptosis of T-cells, Lymphocytes, NK-cells through direct action |
Pathogen & Recognition | Acts against extracellular pathogens, recognizes pathogens in body fluids | Acts against intracellular pathogens, requires MHC class I & II molecules for recognition |
Antibodies | B-cell receptors involved, always extracellular | T-cell receptors involved, present intracellular |
Immune Responses | Forms antibodies through B-cell and T-cell responses | Doesn't form antibodies directly, produces effector cells |
Onset Responses | Rapid and short-term responses | Delayed and long-term responses |
Effect Against | Provides defense against viruses and bacteria, not against cancer | Can act against cancer cells, sometimes destroys them |
Most Research | Not effective, no ongoing modification for cancer immunotherapy | Cytotoxic T-cells extensively studied for cancer immunotherapy |
Secretion of Antibodies | Produces IgE, IgM, IgG, IgD, and IgA antibodies | Produces cytotoxic cells, Lymphocytes, T-helper cells, T-cytotoxic cells, NK-cells, Macrophages |
Affect And Response | Can lead to autoimmune diseases | Can also lead to autoimmune diseases |
Early Graft Rejection | Involved in early graft rejection due to performing antibodies | Participates in organ transplantation rejection |
Immunological Surveillance | Does not provide immunological surveillance | Provides immunological surveillance through MHC class molecules |
Immunological Assessment | Assessed from plasma levels of antibodies | Assessed through skin tests for delayed hypersensitivity |
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