CBSE Class 12 Maths Notes Chapter 8:
CBSE Class 12 Maths Notes Chapter 8 Application of Integrals
focuses on using definite integrals to find areas under curves and between curves. It covers how to calculate the area of regions bounded by a curve, a line, or between two curves in both Cartesian and polar coordinates.
The chapter explains the process of determining the limits of integration and integrating functions to find the desired area. These techniques are essential in solving real-world problems involving geometry, physics, and engineering. It provides a deeper understanding of how integrals can be applied in practical scenarios.
CBSE Class 12 Maths Notes Chapter 8 Overview
CBSE Class 12 Maths Notes Chapter 8 Application of Integrals primarily deals with finding the area of regions under curves using definite integrals. The chapter focuses on the practical application of integration, particularly in calculating areas between curves and along specific boundaries in both Cartesian and polar coordinates. It begins by explaining how to calculate the area under a curve and between two curves by setting up definite integrals with appropriate limits. These integrals help in finding the exact area confined by given curves, which is essential in solving real-world problems.
The chapter emphasizes understanding the geometric interpretation of integrals, allowing students to calculate areas enclosed by curves with precision. This concept has significant applications in fields like physics, engineering, economics, and biology. It helps in solving problems related to motion, areas of irregular shapes, and other mathematical models where precise measurements are required. Mastery of this chapter enables students to appreciate how integrals are used in real-life applications beyond mere calculations.
CBSE Class 12 Maths Notes Chapter 8 PDF Download
Here we have provided CBSE Class 12 Maths Notes Chapter 8 Application of Integrals pdf for the ease of the students. Students can download this pdf and access it without internet.
CBSE Class 12 Maths Notes Chapter 8 PDF
CBSE Class 12 Maths Notes Chapter 8 Application of Integrals
Here we have provided CBSE Class 12 Maths Notes Chapter 8 Application of Integrals -
Integration
Properties of Definite Integrals
Differentiation Under Integral Sign
Newton Leibnitz’s Theorem
Definite Integral as a Limit of Sum
Steps to Express the Limit of Sum as Definite Integral
Reduction Formulae in Definite Integrals
Area Under the Curves
(a) Area of Plane Regions:
V. Curve Tracing
To find the area surrounded by many curves, a preliminary sketch of the target component is required. For the purpose of tracing a cartesian curve f(x,y)=0, the following procedures are quite helpful.
Step 1: Symmetry
(i) The curve is symmetrical about the x-axis if all of the powers of y in the supplied curve's equation are even.
(ii) The curve is symmetrical about the y-axis if every power of x in the provided curve's equation is even.
(iii) The curve is symmetrical about the line y=x if the supplied curve's equation does not change when x and y are switched.
(iv) The given curve is symmetrical in opposing quadrants if the equation stays the same when x and y are substituted with −x and −y, respectively.
Step 2: Origin
The algebraic curve goes through the origin if there isn't a constant term in its equation.
The lowest degree terms in the equation of the given algebraic curve are then equated to zero to get the tangents at the origin.
Step 3: Intersection with the Co-ordinates Axes
(i) To estimate the sites of intersection of the curve with the x-axis, find the relevant values of x by solving the provided curve's equation with y=0.
(ii) To estimate the sites of intersection of the curve with the y-axis, find the corresponding values of y by substituting x=0 in the equation of the provided curve.
Step 4: Asymptotes
Discover where the curve's asymptotes are.
(i) The provided algebraic curve's vertical asymptotes, or asymptotes parallel to the y-axis, are obtained by setting the coefficient of the largest power of y in the supplied curve's equation to zero.
(ii) By setting the coefficient of the largest power of x in the equation of the supplied curve to zero, the horizontal asymptotes of the given algebraic curve, or asymptotes parallel to the x-axis, are obtained.
Step 5: Region
Determine which areas of the plane contain no portion of the curve. We solve the provided equation for y in terms of x, or vice versa, to find such regions. Assuming y turns imaginary for x>a, the curve does not fall inside the x>a area.
Step 6: Critical Points
Around these moments, y typically shifts from being a rising function of x to a decreasing function of x, or the opposite.
Step 7:
Trace the curve with the help of the above points.
Benefits of CBSE Class 12 Maths Notes Chapter 8
The benefits of studying CBSE Class 12 Maths Chapter 8 Application of Integrals are numerous, as it provides students with practical mathematical tools for solving real-life problems. Some key benefits include:
Understanding Area Calculation
: Students learn to calculate the area under curves and between curves, which is useful in geometry, physics, and engineering.
Real-World Applications
: The concepts taught in this chapter have practical applications in various fields such as economics, biology, and architecture, where understanding the area between curves is important.
Enhanced Problem-Solving Skills
: The chapter improves critical thinking by encouraging students to analyze functions and boundaries to set up integrals, fostering logical reasoning and mathematical precision.
Foundation for Advanced Studies
: A strong grasp of this chapter is essential for higher studies in mathematics, engineering, data science, and other fields that involve integral calculus.
Exam Relevance
: The application of integrals is a frequent topic in board exams, and mastering this chapter can help students score better by tackling both theoretical and application-based questions effectively.
Integration with Other Topics
: Understanding this chapter helps connect various other mathematical concepts such as differential equations, kinematics, and volume calculations.
