Electron Transport Chain: Functions and Structure

To understand the principles, function, and structure of the Electron Transport Chain, one must be aware of the process of Respiration, the need to convert glucose into ATP(Adenosine Triphosphate), and the Calvin Cycle.

Endocrine Glands And Hormones

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Role of ATP

• The muscles require ATP molecules to contract. This contraction creates the force necessary for the movement of the body parts.
• The Kidneys utilise ATP to remove harmful substances from the blood and absorb necessary ions and water from the urine against their concentration gradient. This is necessary for the conservation of water.
• The Cardiac muscles constantly utilise ATP molecules to pump blood throughout the body and maintain oxygen supply.
• The Lungs utilise energy to release Carbon dioxide from the impure blood so that hemoglobin can bind with oxygen.
• The brain requires a continuous supply of oxygen and ATP molecules to coordinate the activity of all other vital organs.
• ATP is also needed by immune cells to cross the membrane and enter the site of infection and kill microorganisms.
• The production of blood cells in the bone marrow cannot be completed without using ATP molecules.
• The Cell membrane has several transporter proteins which use ATP to transfer extracellular ions and minerals into the cell against their concentration.
• Cell to cell signaling and Nerve conduction cannot occur without ATP molecules because ATP is needed to activate sodium ion channels.

Double Fertilization In Angiosperms

Glycolysis and Calvin Cycle

• The breakdown of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is known as glycolysis..
• The oxidation of each pyruvate results in the production of acetyl CoA, an additional molecule of NADH, and carbon dioxide (CO2). Acetyl CoA is then used by the citric acid cycle, a chain of chemical reactions that generates CO2, NADH, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH2), and ATP.
• The last step in the process is oxidative phosphorylation which uses the three NADH and one FADH2 produced in the earlier stages to make water and ATP.

Digestion In Ruminants

Components of the Electron Transport Chain

NADH-Q Oxidoreductase or Complex 1

Difference Between Human Brain And Animal Brain

Succinate-Q Reductase or Complex 2

Digestive Enzymes

Coenzyme Q

Ecological Succession

Cytochrome C Reductase or Complex 3

Cytochrome C Oxidase or Complex 4

Dog Life Cycle

Significance of Electron Transport Chain

Discovery Of Cells

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