CBSE Class 11 Chemistry Notes Chapter 9 Hydrogen PDF Download
Here, we have provided CBSE Class 11 Chemistry Notes Chapter 9 Hydrogen. Students can view these CBSE Class 11 Chemistry Notes Chapter 9 before exams for better understanding of the chapter.
Ananya Gupta25 Apr, 2024
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CBSE Class 11 Chemistry Notes Chapter 9 Hydrogen: In Class 11 Chemistry Notes Chapter 9, "Hydrogen," you'll learn all about the element hydrogen, which is really important in science. It's a very light and flammable gas that can combine with lots of other elements to make different compounds.
You'll find out about different forms of hydrogen, like protium, deuterium, and tritium, and what they're used for. We'll also talk about how hydrogen is made and why it's so useful in things like making fuel and chemicals. By studying this chapter, you'll understand why hydrogen is such an important part of our world and how it's used in many different ways.CBSE Class 11 Chemistry Notes Chapter 9 Hydrogen PDF
CBSE Class 11 Chemistry Notes Chapter 9 Hydrogen
Hydrogen Definition
Hydrogen, the lightest atom on Earth with a single electron, was first discovered by Henry Cavendish in 1766. It comprises three stable isotopes: protium, deuterium, and tritium, the latter being radioactive. Despite its resemblance to halogens and alkali metals, hydrogen possesses distinct properties, earning it a unique position in the periodic table.Water-Gas Shift Reaction
The water-gas shift reaction is a chemical process in which carbon monoxide (CO) reacts with water vapor (H2O) to produce carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen gas (H2). This reaction is often used in industrial settings, particularly in processes such as ammonia production and hydrogen generation for fuel cells. The reaction is catalyzed by transition metal oxides or other catalysts, and it plays a crucial role in converting harmful carbon monoxide into less harmful carbon dioxide while simultaneously producing hydrogen, which has various industrial applications.Bond Dissociation Enthalpy
Bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE), also known as bond energy, is the energy required to break a chemical bond in a molecule homolytically, meaning that each atom retains one of the electrons from the broken bond. It is usually expressed in units of kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol) or in kilocalories per mole (kcal/mol). Bond dissociation enthalpy is an important concept in chemistry as it provides insight into the strength of chemical bonds within molecules. It helps predict the reactivity and stability of compounds, as stronger bonds typically require more energy to break. Experimentally, bond dissociation enthalpies are determined by measuring the energy required to break specific bonds in molecules using techniques such as calorimetry or spectroscopy. These values can vary depending on factors such as the nature of the atoms involved, the molecular structure, and the presence of neighboring functional groups.Hydrides
Due to its high negative dissociation enthalpy, dihydrogen remains inactive at room temperature. However, under suitable conditions, dihydrogen can combine with various elements to form hydrides. These hydrides can be categorized into three types:Saline or Ionic Hydrides: These hydrides serve as good reagents to produce additional hydride compounds.
Molecular or Covalent Hydrides: These hydrides are essential in daily life. For example, water (H2O) is a molecular hydride.
Non-stoichiometric or Metallic Hydrides: These hydrides are utilized for the ultra-purification of dihydrogen.
Heavy Water and Hydrogen Economy
CBSE Class 11 Chemistry Notes Chapter 9 FAQs
What is the significance of studying hydrogen in Class 11 Chemistry?
Studying hydrogen in Class 11 Chemistry is significant as it is the simplest and most abundant element in the universe. It forms the basis of various chemical reactions and has diverse applications in industries like petroleum refining, fertilizer production, and metallurgy.
What are the three isotopes of hydrogen?
The three isotopes of hydrogen are protium (1H), deuterium (2H), and tritium (3H).
What are the properties of heavy water?
Heavy water, or deuterium oxide (D2O), has properties similar to those of ordinary water but is slightly denser. It is used as a moderator in nuclear reactors and as a tracer in biochemical studies.
What is the significance of the hydrogen economy?
The hydrogen economy refers to the use of hydrogen as a clean and sustainable energy carrier. It has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on fossil fuels by producing hydrogen from renewable sources like water and biomass.
How is hydrogen produced industrially?
Hydrogen is primarily produced industrially through steam reforming of natural gas, electrolysis of water, and partial oxidation of hydrocarbons.
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