Diversity In Living Organisms

Diversity In Living Organisms: Numerous living things, which differ in size, shape, nourishment, reproduction, habitat, and many other factors, have been endowed upon our globe. These animals of the Kingdom Animal are divided into many orders and classes according to their physical characteristics and environment.

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Introduction

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Biological Classification

• The biggest and broadest classifications for organising organisms are called kingdoms.
• Kingdoms are subdivided into phyla, which are collections of species with a similar physical trait, like a backbone.
• Classes are divisions of phyla, which are collections of creatures with a common genetic trait, such as possessing two sets of chromosomes.
• Orders, which are collections of organisms with a similar trait, such as the capacity to lay eggs, are subdivided into classes.
• Families, which are collections of organisms with a similar trait, such as the capacity to generate sperm, are a subset of orders.
• Families are subdivided into genera, which are collections of organisms with a similar trait, such as a particular skeleton type. The smallest and most specialised classifications, species, are subdivided into genera.

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Classification System

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Two Kingdom Classification

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Five Kingdom Classification

It consists of 5 kingdoms or groupings:

• Monera
• Protista
• Fungi
• Plantae
• Animalia

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Features of the Five Kingdom

1. Kingdom Monera

• Prokaryotic cells are found in unicellular creatures that belong to this kingdom.
• Among them are bacteria, cyanobacteria, etc.
• Usually, their cell has a cell wall.
• They could be either heterotrophic or autotrophic.

2. Kingdom Protista

• Eukaryotic cells are found in certain creatures in this kingdom that are unicellular as well.
• They could be heterotrophic or photosynthetic.
• They could have cilia and flagella, for example.
• Amoeba, Paramecium, Euglena, etc., are a few examples.

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3. Kingdom Fungi

• The first kingdom to have multicellular organisms is this one.
• They have a saprotrophic mode of nutrition, which is a form of heterotrophic feeding.
• They possess eukaryotic cells with chitin-based cell walls.
• For instance, yeast with mushrooms

4. Kingdom Plantae

• All living things are multicellular and eukaryotic.
• It is possible to think of the body as being divided into higher groupings.
• They have an autotrophic method of feeding and are photosynthetic. Certain members have some heterotrophic processes.
• Their cell wall is composed of cellulose.
• Mango trees, crimson algae, and other examples.

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5. Kingdom Animalia

• Every member is multicellular and eukaryotic.
• They have cells without a cell wall.
• Heterotrophs describe them.
• For instance, a lion, dog, fish, etc.

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Classification And Evolution

• The term "lower" or "primitive" refers to organisms that have an ancient body form and don't appear to have changed much over time.
• Organisms that have recently developed their specific body designs are said to be "higher" or "advanced."
• But since these labels are ineffective for categorising organisms, we instead use phrases like "younger" and "older" organisms because it's possible to see changes over time due to an increase in the complexity of body designs. Consequently, we can sum up by saying that older creatures are less complex than younger species.

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