Enhancement in Food Production MCQ for NEET Biology

Enhancement in Food Production MCQ Introduction

Enhancement in Food Production MCQ: Enhancement in Food production is an important topic in NCERT which includes practices of animal and farm management, better plant breeding techniques, using technology for tissue culture to enhance crop yield, quality, and much more.

NEET Biology MCQ

Q 1. How is the host plant's resistance to a disease assessed?

1. By examining the leaves
2. Researching the seed
3. Analysing the genetic makeup of the plant
4. By cutting the stem

Answer- Option (3) is correct.

Explanation: The genetic makeup of the host plant affects the resistance of the host plant, which is the capacity to stop the pathogen from producing illness. The causal organism and the transmission method must be understood prior to breeding. Examining the leaves or seed can help in determining the presence of any foreign pathogen or insect but it cannot show if the plant is resistant to that pathogen or insect. Such information is generally stored in the genes which are expressed in the form of toxic proteins.

Q 2. What of the following doesn't cause crop losses?

1. Fungi,
2. Bacteria,
3. Viruses,
4. Earthworms.

Answer- Option (4) is correct.

Explanation: Numerous bacterial, viral, and fungal diseases, especially in tropical climates, have an impact on the production of farmed crop species. Crop losses can frequently be substantial, reaching 20–30% or even being completely lost. Earthworms do not cause crop losses but rather create nutrients for the plants that help in increasing crop yield, and fruit or vegetable quality and also reduce other harmful pathogens n the soil. They convert organic debris into compost which can be applied directly on the crop fields to provide good quality nutrients to the plants.

Q 3. Which of the following terms is used to describe organisms that are under the attack of pathogens?

1. A crop,
2. A variety,
3. A host,
4. A susceptible host.

Answer- Option (4) is correct.

Explanation: When an organism is attacked and injured by a disease yet lacks immunity to it, it is referred to as a susceptible host. Hosts are vulnerable individuals within which a pathogen causes illness. The intermediate host (also known as a vector) is typically an arthropod or a mollusk, whereas the definitive host which harbors the pathogen's mature form is frequently a vertebrate. The Zika virus, Lyme disease-causing bacteria, and malaria-causing protozoa all exhibit this alternating between vertebrate and invertebrate hosts.

Q 4. Which of the following describes a wheat crop variety?

1. Pusa Swarnim,
2. Pusa Shubhra,
3. Himgiri,
4. Pusa Komal.

Answer- Option (1) is correct.

Explanation: Wheat is grown in a cultivar called Himgiri. Brassica, cauliflower, and cowpea, respectively, come in the varieties of Pusa Swarnim, Pusa Shubhra, and Pusa Komal. The wheat cultivar is called "Himgiri." The two most popular Himgiri variants are HS-375 and HS375. On irrigated/rain-fed land, HS-375 is generated. While HS375 is produced at very high altitudes, that is, in the northern Himalayan and Garhwal regions, it is a medium fertility, a late-sown hybrid of the Himgiri plant. "Himgiri" is resistant to hill bunt and leaf and stripe rust diseases.

Q 5. What benefits do plants that are resistant to disease provide to the production of food?

1. Lessen reliance on fertilizers;
2. Lessen reliance on fungicides;
3. Lessen reliance on water;
4. Lessen reliance on air.

Answer- Option (2) is correct.

Explanation: Crop losses lead to the breeding and development of disease-resistant cultivars, which boost food output. Additionally, it lessens the need for fungicides and bacteriocides. These fungicides and insecticides are chemicals used to kill disease-causing organisms. However, when a plant is made disease-resistant, they naturally develop resistance to these pathogens and the need to reply pon these chemicals is greatly reduced.

Q 6. Which of the following is not a necessary stage in the breeding process for disease-resistant crops?

1. Crop harvesting,
2. Germplasm screening,
3. Hybridization of selected parents,
4. Selection and assessment of hybrids.

Answer- Option (1) is correct.

Explanation: The numerous sequential stages involved in breeding disease-resistant crops include screening germplasm for sources of resistance, hybridizing chosen parents, choosing and assessing the hybrids, and testing and releasing new varieties. Crop harvesting is not necessarily a part of the plant breeding process but comes later during commercial growth for sale and purchase. The crops will be harvested once the breeding process is completed successfully and it has been determined that the breeding is successful.

Q 7. How do mutations occur?

1. Change in DNA,
2. Change in the organism's overall genetic makeup,
3. Change in RNA,
4. Change in the base sequence of genes

Answer- Option (4) is correct.

Explanation: The mutation is the process by which genetic variants are formed by changes in the base sequence inside genes, resulting in the production of a new character or characteristic not present in the parental type. The entire DNA or genetic makeup of an organism usually does not change because of mutation. Amputation may be positive if the new character benefits the organism and may be negative if the new character caused harm to the organism.

Q 8. Which of the following crops has chili mosaic virus resistance?

1. Cowpea,
2. Cauliflower,
3. Chili,
4. Brassica.

Answer- Option (3) is correct.

Explanation: Chilli crop is resistant to leaf curl disease, tobacco mosaic virus, and chili mosaic virus. The bacterial blight is resistant to cowpea. Black rot and curl blight black rot disease are not harmful to cauliflower. White rust sickness is not contagious to brassica.

Q 9. Bhindi (Abelmoschus esculentus) which is resistant to the yellow mosaic virus has given rise to a novel variety known as _________

1. Pusa Sadabahar
2. Parbhani Kranti
3. Himgiri
4. Pusa Shubhra.

Answer- Option (2) is correct.

Explanation: Abelmoschus esculentus (bhindi) has developed a novel variety known as Parbhani Kranti as a result of receiving resistance to the yellow mosaic virus from a wild species. Sexual hybridization between the target and the source plant, followed by selection, results in the transfer of resistance genes.

Q 10. Which of the following is employed to cause plant mutations?

1. Radiation,
2. Water,
3. Virus,
4. Leaves.

Answer- Option (1) is correct.

Explanation: Using chemicals or radiation (gamma radiation), it is possible to cause mutations in plants intentionally. Plants with the desired characteristics may then be chosen and used as a breeding source. Mutation breeding is the term used to describe this process. One of the fundamental principles of evolutionary biology is mutation. Because of damage or copying errors, when an organism's DNA mutates, it transmits the mutation to its progeny. The offspring are then either better or worse prepared to live and procreate. Researchers have also presumed, at least until recently, that such mutations are random and equally likely to occur along any specific DNA fragment.

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Q 11. Which of the following does not constitute an improvement to food production?

1. Agroforestry,
2. Plant Breeding,
3. Tissue Culture,
4. Deforestation.

Answer- Option (4) is correct.

Explanation: The need to increase food production is urgent given the world's rising population. The cultivation of plants and the care of animals both play a significant part in raising food output. The development of new methods, including tissue culture and embryo transfer technologies, will be essential to raising food production levels. Deforestation involves cutting down trees which does not enhance food production but increase soil erosion, and floods, and also damages the natural forest ecosystem which promotes the growth of plants.

Q 12 Who is credited with starting the white revolution in India?

1. Charles Darwin,
2. M.S. Swaminathan,
3. Herbert Boyer,
4. Verghese Kurien.

Answer- Option (4) is correct.

Explanation: Verghese Kurien was the father of the white movement in India, which is why the answer is d. Milk production and the white revolution are related. The National Dairy Research Institute's operations flood and white revolution are responsible for the increase in milk output in India.

Q 13. Which of the following procedures receives top priority in the administration of dairy farms?

1. A rise in milk production and quality,
2. A rise in cattle size,
3. A rise in cow numbers,
4. A rise in buffalo numbers.

Answer- Option (1) is correct.

Explanation: A dairy farm is an enclosure where dairy animals are kept and bred to produce milk. In dairy farm management, we work with methods and procedures that boost production and raise milk quality. The dairy farm management practices should be such that the milk quality and quantity should increase without any need to increase the number of cows or buffaloes.

Q 14. To maximize the yielding potential, which of the following must be done?

1. Cows should be left alone,
2. Cows should be well-cared for,
3. Cows should be fed every other day,
4. Cows should have limitless access to fodder.

Answer- Option (2) is correct.

Explanation: In order for the yield potential to be fulfilled, the cattle must be adequately cared for. They must be housed properly, provided with enough water, and kept disease-free. Cattle should be fed in a scientific way, paying close attention to the kind and quantity of forage.

Q 15. What breeding technique is ideal for animals whose output is below average?

1. interspecific hybridization;
2. out-crossing;
3. inbreeding;
4. Out-breeding.

Answer- Option (2) is correct.

Explanation: Out-crossing refers to the practice of marrying animals of the same breed who do not have any common ancestors on either side of their lineage. A so-called outcross is the result of such a mating. It is the ideal way of breeding for creatures whose development rates in beef cattle, or their productivity in producing milk, are below average.

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