Reproduction in Organisms NEET MCQ for Biology

Reproduction in Organisms NEET MCQ Introduction

Reproduction in Organisms NEET MCQ: Reproduction in organisms is a fundamental process that ensures the continuation of life. It involves the production of offspring by either sexual or asexual means and varies among species. Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of gametes produced by two individuals leading to genetic diversity, while asexual reproduction does not involve fertilization and results in genetically identical offspring. The mechanisms involved in reproductive processes are complex and regulated by various hormones, genes, and environmental factors.

NEET Biology MCQ

Q 1. Isogametes are seen in:

1. Cladophora
2. Fucus
3. Human beings
4. Ficus

Answer: 1, Cladophora

Explanation: Isogametes are most commonly seen in Cladophora, Fucus, and Ficus species. Human beings do not possess Isogametes; instead, they contain gametes of different sizes, which are called Heterogametes.

Q 2. In sexual reproduction, the most critical event is:

1. Gametogenesis
2. Gamete transfer
3. Fertilization
4. Embryogenesis

Answer: 3, fertilization

Explanation: As part of its vegetative propagation, Bryophyllum daigremontianum produces new plants by budding, fission, or fragmentation from parts of the parent plant.

Q 3. Which part of the plant bryophyllum performs vegetative reproduction?

1. Stem
2. Floral buds
3. Underground roots
4. Buds on the leaf margin

Answer: d, Buds on the leaf margin

Explanation: Buds on the leaf margin are responsible for vegetative reproduction in bryophyllum plants. These buds, known as ‘plantlets,’ can develop into new individuals that can survive independently and spread to form a new population.

Q 4. Gametes always contain what types of chromosomes?

1. Haploid
2. Diploid
3. Triploid
4. Tetraploid

Answer: 1, Haploid

Explanation: Haploid chromosomes are always present in gametes because, during meiosis, the number of chromosomes is halved so that only one copy per chromosome is left. This results in a net reduction of the number of chromosomes to half.

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Q 5. Birth, growth, death, offspring production, and species continuity require which physiological process?

1. Digestion
2. Transportation
3. Reproduction
4. Nutrition

Answer: 4, Reproduction

Explanation: Reproduction is the biological process that produces new individuals of the same species and is necessary for birth, growth, death, production of offspring, and continuity of the species.

Q 6. In which type of reproduction single parent is essential for reproduction?

1. Asexual
2. Sexual
3. Vegetative
4. Fragmentation

Answer: 1, Asexual

Explanation: Asexual reproduction is the process of creating new organisms through a single parent. It does not involve the fusion of gametes or the involvement of two parents. Examples of asexual reproduction include budding, parthenogenesis, and fragmentation.

Q 7. In which type of reproduction two individuals of the opposite sex are essential?

1. Asexual
2. Sexual
3. Vegetative
4. Fragmentation

Answer: 2, Sexual

Explanation: In sexual reproduction, two individuals of the opposite sex are essential for the successful creation of new offspring. Asexual reproduction only requires one parent, while in vegetative reproduction, all that is necessary are parts of a single organism. In fragmentation, the organism splits into two or more distinct organisms.

Q 8. One of Planaria's most remarkable characteristics is its ability to

1. Hibernation
2. Survive without air
3. Generate bioluminescence
4. Regenerate

Answer: 4, Regenerate

Explanation: Planaria is most well known for its remarkable regenerative abilities. It can regenerate from fragments of its body, with even the slightest portion of its head restoring a complete organism. It is due to its ability to differentiate into multiple kinds of cells and tissues to rebuild the lost parts. In addition, some species of planaria can also hibernate during unfavorable conditions and generate bioluminescence, while others can survive without air for extended periods.

Q 9. The fusion of unrelated gametes is known as ________

1. Dichogamy
2. Fertilization
3. Autogamy
4. Allogamy

Answer: 4, Allogamy

Explanation: Allogamy is the fusion of unrelated gametes. It occurs when two gametes from different individuals fuse during sexual reproduction, resulting in a unique combination of genetic material and offspring.

Q 10. Bryophyllum daigremontianum reproduces by

1. Vegetative propagation
2. Budding
3. Fission
4. Fragmentation

Answer: 1, Vegetative Propagation

Explanation: As part of its vegetative propagation, Bryophyllum daigremontianum produces new plants by budding, fission, or fragmentation from parts of the parent plant.

Q 11. Non-flagellate spores are called conidia. In which organism are they seen?

1. Penicillium
2. Hydra
3. Amoeba
4. Chlamydomonas

Answer: 1, Penicillium

Explanation: Conidia are found in Penicillium and other fungi. They are asexual reproductive spores usually formed at the end of filamentous hyphae. Conidia allow fungi to reproduce without the need for sexual reproduction, which is common in many species of fungi.

Q 12. Select the correct sequence of events.

1. Gametogenesis — Gamete transfer — Syngamy — Zygote — Cell division (Cleavage) — Cell differentiation — Organogenesis
2. Gametogenesis — Gamete transfer — Syngamy — Zygote — Cell division (Cleavage) — Organogenesis — Cell differentiation
3. Gametogenesis — Syngamy — Gamete transfer — Zygote — Cell division (Cleavage) — Cell differentiation — Organogenesis
4. Gametogenesis — Gamete transfer — Syngamy — Zygote — Cell differentiation — Cell division (Cleavage) — Organogenesis

Answer: 1, Gametogenesis — Gamete transfer — Syngamy — Zygote — Cell division (Cleavage) — Cell differentiation — Organogenesis.

Explanation: Here's a breakdown of each step:

1. Gametogenesis: The process of gametogenesis involves the formation and development of specialized reproductive cells called gametes (sperm and eggs) through meiosis.
2. Gamete transfer: Once the gametes are mature, they are transferred or released from the parent organisms. This transfer can occur through various mechanisms depending on the organism, such as external release into the environment or internal transfer during sexual reproduction.
3. Syngamy: Syngamy refers to the fusion of the male and female gametes, forming a zygote. Fertilization usually leads to this fusion.
4. Zygote: The zygote is the initial cell formed after the fusion of gametes. It contains the complete set of chromosomes from both parents and marks the beginning of the next development phase.
5. Cell division (Cleavage): After fertilization, the zygote undergoes rapid cell division through cleavage. Cleavage divisions result in the formation of a multicellular embryo composed of smaller cells called blastomeres.
6. Cell differentiation: As the embryo continues to develop, the cells undergo differentiation, becoming specialized and taking on specific functions. Differentiation leads to forming distinct cell types, tissues, and organs.
7. Organogenesis : It is how organs and organ systems develop from differentiated cells. During this stage, the cells organize themselves into specific structures and begin to form the organism's body plan.

Q 13. Which one of the following statements is not correct

1. Clones are offspring produced by asexual reproduction
2. Microscopic, motile asexual reproductive structures are called zoospores
3. Potato, banana, and ginger plantlets arise from the modified stem's internodes.
4. Standing water hyacinth drains oxygen from water, causing fish to die.

Answer: 2, Microscopic, motile asexual reproductive structures are called zoospores.

Explanation: The correct statement should be: Microscopic, motile asexual reproductive structures are called gametes.

Q 14. In contrast to organisms exhibiting internal fertilization, organisms exhibiting external fertilization show:

1. More variations
2. Great synchrony between sexes
3. Large females size than males
4. Less vulnerability to predation

Answer: 2, Great synchrony between sexes

Explanation: Remarkable synchrony between sexes. Organisms exhibiting external fertilization have to ensure a synchronous timing of male and female gametes to be released simultaneously for successful fertilization and reproduction. It leads to remarkable synchrony between the sexes, as opposed to organisms exhibiting internal fertilization which may show more variations in terms of size and timing.

Q 15. Which animal reproduces by multiple fission?

1. Hydra
2. Plasmodium
3. Spongilla
4. Euglena

Answer: 2, Plasmodium

Explanation: In multiple fission, the nucleus of a parent organism divides into many parts, each developing into an individual. Protozoans such as Plasmodium utilize this process to reproduce efficiently and quickly.

Q 16. Which asexual reproduction method does not allow cytoplasmic fission?

1. Amitotic division
2. Binary fission
3. Division
4. Budding

Answer: 1, Amitotic division

Explanation: The method of asexual reproduction in which the division of cytoplasm is not possible is the Amitotic division. During Amitotic division, the genetic material is equally divided, but there is no actual splitting of the cytoplasm. This results in two daughter cells with different genetic compositions. Binary fission involves splitting the cytoplasm and DNA replication, and in Budding and Division, the parent cell divides into two daughter cells.

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