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In the context of the 12th-grade biology curriculum, the topic of reproduction usually covers a more advanced and detailed study compared to earlier classes. It may include discussions on sexual and asexual reproduction, reproductive systems, fertilization, embryonic development, and reproductive strategies in different organisms.
What is reproduction in organisms biology class 10?
In Class 10 biology, the focus is generally on the basics of reproduction. Topics include sexual and asexual reproduction, modes of reproduction in plants and animals, and the life cycles of different organisms. The emphasis is on providing a foundational understanding of the concept of reproduction.
What is reproduction in organisms for NEET?
For NEET (National Eligibility cum Entrance Test), the reproduction in organisms typically involves a more in-depth study compared to lower classes. It may include detailed knowledge of the reproductive systems, gametogenesis, fertilization, embryonic development, and the hormonal regulation of reproduction in various organisms.
How do organisms reproduce Class 12 notes?
Class 12 notes on how organisms reproduce would likely cover topics such as sexual reproduction, asexual reproduction, reproductive structures and organs, gametogenesis, fertilization, embryonic development, and the hormonal control of reproductive processes. These notes aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of reproduction in various organisms.
What are the 3 types of reproduction?
The three main types of reproduction are:
Sexual Reproduction: Involves the fusion of gametes (sperm and egg) from two parents, resulting in offspring with a combination of genetic material from both.
Asexual Reproduction: Involves the production of offspring without the involvement of gametes or the union of two parents. Offspring are genetically identical or nearly identical to the single parent.
Vegetative Reproduction: A type of asexual reproduction where new plants arise from the vegetative parts (such as roots, stems, or leaves) of a parent plant.
Reproduction in Organisms NEET MCQ for Biology
Reproduction In Organisms NEET MCQ: Reproduction in organisms is a fundamental process that ensures the continuation of life. Solve now these mentioned MCQs.
Krati Saraswat5 Apr, 2024
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Reproduction in Organisms NEET MCQ Introduction
Reproduction in Organisms NEET MCQ:
Reproduction in organisms is a fundamental process that ensures the continuation of life. It involves the production of offspring by either sexual or asexual means and varies among species. Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of gametes produced by two individuals leading to genetic diversity, while asexual reproduction does not involve fertilization and results in genetically identical offspring. The mechanisms involved in reproductive processes are complex and regulated by various hormones, genes, and environmental factors.
In animals, mating behavior plays an essential role in ensuring successful reproduction. Plants have evolved unique reproductive strategies such as pollination and seed dispersal to aid their survival. Reproductive success often depends on numerous factors, such as timing, mate availability, competition for resources, and disease prevalence. Understanding these intricate details surrounding Reproduction In Organisms is critical from ecological and evolutionary perspectives. It enables us to comprehend better how living organisms continue to thrive under adverse conditions that could otherwise threaten their existence.
Explanation:
Isogametes are most commonly seen in Cladophora, Fucus, and Ficus species. Human beings do not possess Isogametes; instead, they contain gametes of different sizes, which are called Heterogametes.
Q 2. In sexual reproduction, the most critical event is:
Gametogenesis
Gamete transfer
Fertilization
Embryogenesis
Answer:
3, fertilization
Explanation:
As part of its vegetative propagation, Bryophyllum daigremontianum produces new plants by budding, fission, or fragmentation from parts of the parent plant.
Q 3. Which part of the plant bryophyllum performs vegetative reproduction?
Stem
Floral buds
Underground roots
Buds on the leaf margin
Answer:
d, Buds on the leaf margin
Explanation:
Buds on the leaf margin are responsible for vegetative reproduction in bryophyllum plants. These buds, known as ‘plantlets,’ can develop into new individuals that can survive independently and spread to form a new population.
Q 4. Gametes always contain what types of chromosomes?
Haploid
Diploid
Triploid
Tetraploid
Answer:
1, Haploid
Explanation:
Haploid chromosomes are always present in gametes because, during meiosis, the number of chromosomes is halved so that only one copy per chromosome is left. This results in a net reduction of the number of chromosomes to half.
Q 5. Birth, growth, death, offspring production, and species continuity require which physiological process?
Digestion
Transportation
Reproduction
Nutrition
Answer:
4, Reproduction
Explanation:
Reproduction is the biological process that produces new individuals of the same species and is necessary for birth, growth, death, production of offspring, and continuity of the species.
Q 6. In which type of reproduction single parent is essential for reproduction?
Asexual
Sexual
Vegetative
Fragmentation
Answer:
1, Asexual
Explanation:
Asexual reproduction is the process of creating new organisms through a single parent. It does not involve the fusion of gametes or the involvement of two parents. Examples of asexual reproduction include budding, parthenogenesis, and fragmentation.
Q 7. In which type of reproduction two individuals of the opposite sex are essential?
Asexual
Sexual
Vegetative
Fragmentation
Answer:
2, Sexual
Explanation:
In sexual reproduction, two individuals of the opposite sex are essential for the successful creation of new offspring. Asexual reproduction only requires one parent, while in vegetative reproduction, all that is necessary are parts of a single organism. In fragmentation, the organism splits into two or more distinct organisms.
Q 8. One of Planaria's most remarkable characteristics is its ability to
Hibernation
Survive without air
Generate bioluminescence
Regenerate
Answer:
4, Regenerate
Explanation:
Planaria is most well known for its remarkable regenerative abilities. It can regenerate from fragments of its body, with even the slightest portion of its head restoring a complete organism. It is due to its ability to differentiate into multiple kinds of cells and tissues to rebuild the lost parts. In addition, some species of planaria can also hibernate during unfavorable conditions and generate bioluminescence, while others can survive without air for extended periods.
Q 9. The fusion of unrelated gametes is known as ________
Dichogamy
Fertilization
Autogamy
Allogamy
Answer:
4, Allogamy
Explanation:
Allogamy is the fusion of unrelated gametes. It occurs when two gametes from different individuals fuse during sexual reproduction, resulting in a unique combination of genetic material and offspring.
Q 10. Bryophyllum daigremontianum reproduces by
Vegetative propagation
Budding
Fission
Fragmentation
Answer:
1, Vegetative Propagation
Explanation:
As part of its vegetative propagation, Bryophyllum daigremontianum produces new plants by budding, fission, or fragmentation from parts of the parent plant.
Q 11. Non-flagellate spores are called conidia. In which organism are they seen?
Penicillium
Hydra
Amoeba
Chlamydomonas
Answer:
1, Penicillium
Explanation:
Conidia are found in Penicillium and other fungi. They are asexual reproductive spores usually formed at the end of filamentous hyphae. Conidia allow fungi to reproduce without the need for sexual reproduction, which is common in many species of fungi.
Gametogenesis: The process of gametogenesis involves the formation and development of specialized reproductive cells called gametes (sperm and eggs) through meiosis.
Gamete transfer: Once the gametes are mature, they are transferred or released from the parent organisms. This transfer can occur through various mechanisms depending on the organism, such as external release into the environment or internal transfer during sexual reproduction.
Syngamy: Syngamy refers to the fusion of the male and female gametes, forming a zygote. Fertilization usually leads to this fusion.
Zygote: The zygote is the initial cell formed after the fusion of gametes. It contains the complete set of chromosomes from both parents and marks the beginning of the next development phase.
Cell division (Cleavage): After fertilization, the zygote undergoes rapid cell division through cleavage. Cleavage divisions result in the formation of a multicellular embryo composed of smaller cells called blastomeres.
Cell differentiation: As the embryo continues to develop, the cells undergo differentiation, becoming specialized and taking on specific functions. Differentiation leads to forming distinct cell types, tissues, and organs.
Organogenesis : It is how organs and organ systems develop from differentiated cells. During this stage, the cells organize themselves into specific structures and begin to form the organism's body plan.
Q 13. Which one of the following statements is not correct
Clones are offspring produced by asexual reproduction
Microscopic, motile asexual reproductive structures are called zoospores
Potato, banana, and ginger plantlets arise from the modified stem's internodes.
Standing water hyacinth drains oxygen from water, causing fish to die.
Answer:
2, Microscopic, motile asexual reproductive structures are called zoospores.
Explanation:
The correct statement should be: Microscopic, motile asexual reproductive structures are called gametes.
Zoospores are not reproductive structures but rather motile cells produced by specific organisms, such as certain algae, fungi, and protozoa. Zoospores are typically produced by these organisms as a means of dispersal, and they have the ability to swim using flagella or cilia. They are not involved in the process of asexual reproduction.
In contrast, gametes are the reproductive cells involved in sexual reproduction. They are produced by organisms for the purpose of fertilization, combining with another gamete of the opposite sex to form a zygote. Gametes can be motile or non-motile depending on the organism and its reproductive strategy.
Q 14. In contrast to organisms exhibiting internal fertilization, organisms exhibiting external fertilization show:
More variations
Great synchrony between sexes
Large females size than males
Less vulnerability to predation
Answer:
2, Great synchrony between sexes
Explanation:
Remarkable synchrony between sexes. Organisms exhibiting external fertilization have to ensure a synchronous timing of male and female gametes to be released simultaneously for successful fertilization and reproduction. It leads to remarkable synchrony between the sexes, as opposed to organisms exhibiting internal fertilization which may show more variations in terms of size and timing.
Q 15. Which animal reproduces by multiple fission?
Hydra
Plasmodium
Spongilla
Euglena
Answer:
2, Plasmodium
Explanation:
In multiple fission, the nucleus of a parent organism divides into many parts, each developing into an individual. Protozoans such as Plasmodium utilize this process to reproduce efficiently and quickly.
Q 16. Which asexual reproduction method does not allow cytoplasmic fission?
Amitotic division
Binary fission
Division
Budding
Answer:
1, Amitotic division
Explanation:
The method of asexual reproduction in which the division of cytoplasm is not possible is the Amitotic division. During Amitotic division, the genetic material is equally divided, but there is no actual splitting of the cytoplasm. This results in two daughter cells with different genetic compositions. Binary fission involves splitting the cytoplasm and DNA replication, and in Budding and Division, the parent cell divides into two daughter cells.
